Saye, Lord (char.), 170, 171–72
scenery, 183–84
Schoenbaum, Samuel, 153
Scot, Reginald, 352–53
Scotland, 337, 346
Scylla’s Metamorphosis (Lodge), 203, 207
Sebastian (char.), 47, 81–82
Seneca, 109
Senior, Duke (char.), 40
Shakeshafte, William, 104, 106, 113–14
Shakespeare, Anne (sister), 289
Shakespeare, Anne Hathaway, 149, 153, 311, 315, 362, 378
independence of, 119
left behind in Stratford, 124, 125–26, 140, 143, 144, 161–62, 166, 208, 236, 330, 368, 388
as mismatch, 129, 140–41, 143–48, 254, 255, 361, 379
as older than Shakespeare, 116, 121, 384
pregnancy of, 73, 117, 120, 121, 123, 385
Shakespeare outlived by, 133, 147–48
Shakespeare’s courtship and marriage to, 73, 116, 118–21, 129
Shakespeare’s gravestone and, 147–48
Shakespeare’s minimal bequests to, 144–47, 379, 385, 389
Shakespeare, Edmund, 66, 78, 149, 357, 361
Shakespeare, Gilbert, 66, 78, 149, 361, 382
Shakespeare, Hamnet, 73, 125–26, 153, 161–62, 166, 208, 236
death of, 126, 145, 288–91, 311–12, 315–18, 320–22, 324, 329, 330, 377
Shakespeare, Joan, 78, 93, 149, 361, 382, 386
Shakespeare, John, 93, 133, 160
agriculture and land investments of, 57–58, 61
Catholic-Protestant double consciousness of, 102–3, 113, 118, 160, 316
Catholic “spiritual testament” signed by, 101–2, 315–17, 318, 320–21
coat of arms sought by, 77–78
death of, 311, 318, 321–22, 356
declining fortunes of, 60–64, 67–71, 75–76, 78, 81, 85–86, 103, 121, 151–52, 166, 361, 362
as glover, 55–57, 59, 62–63, 66, 67, 72, 79, 80, 149, 166, 168–69
as moneylender, 58, 271–72
as municipal office-holder, 24, 28–31, 43, 59–61, 62, 78–81, 160
partial literacy of, 24
Protestant reformation and civic offices of, 94–97, 99, 101–2
Queen’s Bench summons of, 63–64
suspected drinking problem of, 67, 68–71, 79
upward mobility of, 58–60, 75–76, 102
as wool brogger, 56–57, 63, 80, 166
Shakespeare, Judith, 73, 125–26, 153, 161–62, 166, 208, 236, 311, 330, 356, 361, 362, 368, 378
marriage of, 382, 387; see also Quiney, Thomas
and Shakespeare’s will, 144–45, 385–86, 389
Shakespeare, Mary, 24, 93, 121, 149, 356, 382
Arden family and, 58–59, 75, 157, 160, 173
as Catholic, 100–102, 118–19, 160, 315–16
death of, 133, 368
as heiress, 59, 61, 80–81, 85–86, 361
Shakespeare, Richard, 66, 78, 149, 357, 361, 382
Shakespeare, Susanna, 73, 117, 120, 125–26, 149, 153, 161–62, 166, 208, 236, 315, 330, 356, 362
marriage of, 368; see also Hall, John
as Shakespeare’s heir and executor, 144–45, 174, 385–86, 389
Shakespeare’s relationship with, 361, 378, 389–90
Shakespeare, William:
as actor, 54, 68, 190–91, 249, 321–22, 323, 341, 365
attacks on, 203
attitude towards authority of, 152
baptism and supposed birthdate of, 18, 93
biographies of, 12–13, 58, 64, 150–51, 153, 247, 321–22
Blackfriars house of, 379, 386
as Blackfriars Theater part-owner, 368
boundaries defied by, 297–98
Campion and, 108–10, 111, 112, 113, 114–17
Catholicism and, 89, 104, 108–9, 113–16, 118, 149, 158, 161–62, 317, 318–21, 377, 387–88
children of, 73
coat of arms obtained by, 78–81, 86, 155, 158, 388
contemporary fame of, 17
country roots of, 57–58, 208–9, 343
Davenant’s claim to be illegitimate son of, 331
death of, 384–85, 386–87
deer poaching story about, 150–53, 156
as director, 365
early exposures to drama of, 27–53
education of, 18–19, 25–28, 54, 64, 66, 73, 77, 96, 97, 103, 171, 208
enclosures not protested by, 382–83
facility in writing of, 189
in father’s glove shop, 55–56, 66, 72, 149, 166, 168–69
Field as source of books for, 193–94
frugality of, 361–63
as gentleman, 41, 75–76, 78–81, 85–86, 149, 169, 204, 377, 378, 387–88
Ghost in Hamlet played by, 322
as Globe part-owner, 292, 330, 368, 380–81
as good company, 70, 207
grave of, 147–48, 386–87
as Hand D, 263, 284
as hard worker, 362
impact of Tamburlaine on, 189–98
in Lancashire, 89, 103–7, 113–14, 173, 312
Lancashire actors and, 104–6, 149, 161
Latin studied by, 24–25, 64, 65, 72
in lawsuits, 361–63, 364
as lawyer’s clerk, 71–72, 149, 153
legal knowledge of, 71–72, 364
London residences of, 293, 361–62, 405
in Lord Chamberlain’s men, 80
Lost Years of, 54–55, 71–73, 87–89, 149, 153
marriage of, see Shakespeare, Anne Hathaway
as master of double consciousness, 155
memory of, 295
moneylending by, 271
morally conservative nature of, 209
New Place house of, 126, 143, 144, 209, 330, 361, 362–63, 364, 377, 386
as part-owner of the Globe, 292
patronage and, 240–41, 256
private nature of, 143–44, 249
property investments of, 58, 72, 144, 155, 209, 330, 331, 361, 364, 377–78, 379, 388
as provincial, 208–9, 210
Queen’s Men possibly joined by, 162–63
reading of, 194–95
religious beliefs of, 103, 113, 116–17, 320–21, 377, 387–88
Shakespeare, William (continued),
retirement planning of, 356, 361, 369–70
in retirement to Stratford, 12, 144–48, 209, 377–90
sexuality of, 28, 119, 143, 232, 239, 253–55, 308, 331, 377, 404
as “Shakeshafte,” 104, 106, 113–14
as sharer in theatrical company, 273, 292, 330, 365, 380
sobriety of, 70, 209
steadiness and financial responsibility of, 209, 210
Stratford malt sales of, 362–63
tax evasion of, 362
as teacher, 88–89, 103–4, 149, 153
theatrical company managed by, 209, 210
traces of authenticity in stories about, 70
traces of life of, 12–13, 17–18, 71–72, 88–89
unrecorded personal views of, 173–74
as “upstart Crow,” 213–14, 226–27
vocabulary gift of, 72, 155, 209, 295
wealth of, 12, 236, 330, 364–65
will of, 144–47, 381, 385–86, 389–90
writing process of, 284
Shakespeare, William, plays of, 12
attitudes towards marriage in, 121–24, 126–44, 146–47
background used and transformed in, 167, 168–69, 343
characters in, 32–36
chastity in, 141–42, 385
civility in, 48
clear pattern of artistic development lacking in, 297–98
collaboration in, 195, 198, 201, 207, 369, 370, 373, 379, 402, 405
comedy, 212
courtship and romantic longing in, 119–20
desire in, 142–43
drunkenness in, 66–71
early, on English history, 113
executions in, 276
family i
n, 127
folk culture in, 32, 39, 40–42, 52
glove and leather imagery in, 55–56, 168–69
heroism in, 110–16
humor in, 32, 52
impact of Tamburlaine on, 189–98
inner life reflected in, 299–303
language and dirty jokes in, 65–66
legal knowledge displayed in, 71–72
London theater and opportunity for, 188–89
mob violence in, 169–70
piety lacking in, 35–36
problem comedies of, 135–36
publication of, 18, 291, 380
radical excision in, 323–25
religious language and, 91
saints and ideologues in, 110–13
Shakespeare’s lack of interest in printing of, 194
sources derived from, 13
strategic opacity in, 323–29, 354–55, 377
subversion in works of, 48
theme of restoration in, 81–86
touch of the real in, 13–14
tragedy, 201, 212
wool imagery in, 56–57
written as player, 210
see also specific plays
Shakespeare, William, as playwright, 54, 62, 68, 249, 256, 323, 365
Shakespeare, William, poems of, 12, 48, 55, 149, 229–30, 241, 249
on gravestone, 147–48
rumoured Lucy ballad of, 150, 152–53
sonnets of, see sonnets, Shakespeare’s
see also Rape of Lucrece, The; Venus and Adonis
Shakespeare in Love, 16
Shake-speares Sonnets, 232–34
sharers, 273, 292, 330, 380
sherry-sack, 69
Shoreditch, 183, 200, 206, 273, 291–92, 362
Shottery, 96, 116, 118, 344, 364
Shylock (char.), 82, 133, 135, 270
as memorable figure, 257–58, 271, 272, 279–87
Sidney, Sir Philip, 129, 187, 233, 235, 297
Silenus, 219
Sir Thomas Lucy’s Players, 159
Sir Thomas More (Shakespeare et al.), 215, 262–65, 267, 284, 405
Skeres, Nicholas, 267–68
slavery, vagabonds forced into, 88
Sledd, 97–98
Slender (char.), 134, 154, 177
Sly, Christopher (char.), 68–69, 81
Sly, Stephen, 68
Smith, Sir Thomas, 77
Smithfield, 178
Snare (char.), 33
Snitterfield, 58, 59, 61, 344
Snout, Tom (char.), 51
Snug the Joiner (char.), 50–51
social policing, 80
sodomy, prohibitions against, 253
Solanio (char.), 279–80, 281, 285
soliloquies, inner life revealed in, 299–302
Somerville, John, 157–60, 173
sonnets:
as aristocratic performance, 249
by Sidney, 233, 235
Watson’s, 200, 207
of Wyatt and Surrey, 200, 234
sonnets, Shakespeare’s, 126, 143, 173, 230–35, 256
dark lady in, 233, 246–48, 249, 254–55
early publications of, 232–35
number 1, 230, 231
number 3, 230, 231
number 4, 231
number 10, 237, 251
number 15, 237
number 17, 238
number 18, 238
number 19, 239
number 20, 253–54
number 27, 239
number 37, 251
number 42, 246
number 48, 239
number 53, 239
number 55, 239
number 60, 239
number 62, 251
number 63, 239–40
number 71, 252
number 73, 252–53
number 81, 240
number 82, 239
number 98, 239
number 106, 239
number 110, 250
number 111, 250
number 116, 255
number 120, 246
number 127, 247
number 129, 255
number 135, 233
number 138, 247–49
number 145, 255
number 147, 255
number 151, 255
number 152, 255
poet’s love for beautiful youth in, 233, 239–40, 246–47, 249–55
procreation imagery in, 230–31, 234–35, 237–38, 240, 254
rival poet in, 233, 247, 249
self-identification in, 233, 255
shift from youth to dark lady in, 247
story outline in, 233
translucent nature of, 233–35
Sophocles, 200, 208
Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, Earl of, 164, 227–34, 240–47, 249
as dedicatee of Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece, 240, 241, 243, 244
imprisonment of, 308–10
marriage of, 254
Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, Earl of (continued),
marriage urged for, 228–30, 234, 236, 238–40, 254
portrait of, 230–31
Shakespeare’s relationship with, 227–28, 235–36, 239, 240–41, 246–47, 253–54, 308
as theater lover, 227–28
as young man of the sonnets, 230–34, 239–40
Southwark, 176, 181, 182, 200, 206, 236, 292–93
Spain, 106, 157, 161, 273, 274, 278, 285
Jews expelled from, 258
Spanish Armada, 273
Spanish Maze, The, 329
Spanish Tragedy, The (Kyd), 304
Spenser, Edmund, 207, 233, 253–54, 327
spies, officials’ use of, 187–88
Sprenger, James, 352
stage, structure of, 183
stagecraft, 33–34
stage-sitters, 368
Starveling, Robin (char.), 51
Stationer’s Company, 193
Stepney, 182
Stow, John, 164–66, 189
Strait of Magellan, 201–2
Strange, Henry Stanley, Earl of Derby, Lord, 104
Strange, Ferdinando Stanley, Lord, 104
Stratford Corporation, 271
Stratford-upon-Avon, 39, 68, 73, 88, 108, 114, 116, 129, 193, 198, 210, 240–41, 271, 311, 344
Anne left behind in, 124, 125–26, 140, 143, 144, 161–62, 166, 208, 236, 330, 368, 388
bubonic plague in, 93
Catholic sympathies in, 95–98, 102, 156, 158, 173
enclosure near, 382–83
fire in, 62–63
free grammar school in, 18–19, 25–28, 55, 64, 95–98, 102, 118, 171
guildhall of, 25
John Shakespeare as officeholder in, 24, 28–31, 43, 59–61, 62, 78–81, 160
municipal scholarships awarded by, 25
Protestantism in, 89, 90, 93–95
public punishments in, 178
reformation in, 94–95
Shakespeare’s departure from, 149–63, 166, 209
Shakespeare’s property investments in, 72, 144, 209, 330, 331, 361, 364, 368, 377–78
Shakespeare’s retirement to, 12, 144–48, 209, 377–90
Shakespeare’s visits to, 289, 312, 330, 368
size of, 57
theatrical companies’ visiting of, 28–31, 161–62
town council of, 95–96, 98
town-hall stage of, 36
Streete, Peter, 292
Stuarts, 178
Stubbes, Philip, 38–39
Sturley, Abraham, 62–63, 64, 271, 364
Sturley, Henry, 62
Sturley, Richard, 62–63
sumptuary laws, 76
Surrey, 362
Surrey, Earl of, 200, 234
Sussex’s Men, 161, 272
Swan Theater, 189
swordsmanship, 73–74, 75, 182, 292
Tabard Inn, 176
Talbot (char.), 197–98
Tamburlaine (char.), 190, 192, 196–97, 216, 257
Tamburlaine (Marlowe),
189–98, 202, 207, 209, 216, 256, 257
Taming of the Shrew, The (Shakespeare), 50, 56, 68–69, 119, 133, 134–35, 212
Tasso, 200
Taverne wineshop, 330
taverns, 176, 187–88
see also inns
Tearsheet, Doll (char.), 33, 180, 216, 219
Tempest, The (Shakespeare), 18, 84, 119, 166, 257, 378–79, 389
chastity promoted in, 142, 385
retirement contemplated in, 370, 372–78, 381
Temple Grafton, 124–25
Ten Reasons (Campion), 108, 114, 115
Terence, 27
Thame, 162
Thames River, 163, 164, 176, 291
theater:
admission to, 184–85, 367
commercial, 11–12, 51
magic vs. earthiness in, 53
political events of the day absent in, 338–41
popularity of, 186–87
Theater, the, 36, 182–85, 189, 201, 273, 291–92
theaters, 181–89, 206, 339
closing of, 236–37, 241, 256, 272, 288–89, 366
layout of, 183–84
moral attacks upon, 182, 185–87, 288
spectacles at, 181–82
see also specific theaters
Theatrum orbis terrarum (Ortelius), 193
Theseus (char.), 51, 52
Thompson, Agnes, 346–47
Thorpe, Thomas, 232
Three Ladies of London, 256
Thurlow, Mrs., 344
Tilney, Henry, 262–63
Time (char.), 33
Timon of Athens (char.), 84, 369
Timon of Athens (Shakespeare), 84, 193, 402
tinkers, 87–88
tiring house, 184
Titania (char.), 35, 56
Titus Andronicus (Shakespeare), 34, 152, 179, 207, 212, 296, 323, 402
Tolstoy, Leo, 388
torture, 262, 294, 336, 348
Touchstone (char.), 269
Tower Hill, 178
Tower of London, 98, 114–15, 158, 164, 234, 276, 332
Towne, John, 162
tragedy, 179, 296–97, 323–25
boundary between comedy and, 34, 297
boundary between history and, 296–97
in Shakespeare’s development, 297
Tragedy of Gowrie, The, 341, 342, 364
Tragical History of the Tartarian Cripple, The, 256
Traitor’s Gate, 164
Treatise of Equivocation, A (Garnet), 336–37
True Chronicle History of King Leir, The, 327–28
Tubal, 281, 283, 284
Tudor, Mary, see Mary, Queen of England
Tudors, 178, 195
Turchill, 85
Twelfth Night (Shakespeare), 33, 40–41, 47, 56, 67, 70, 81–84, 124, 135, 215, 227, 238–39, 296, 365
Two Gentlemen of Verona (Shakespeare), 25, 119, 212, 259–60, 271
Two Menaechmuses, The (Plautus), 27–28
Two Noble Kinsmen, The (Shakespeare), 370, 373, 379, 402
Tyburn, 98, 107, 115, 178, 205, 276
Tyndale, William, 91
Tyrone, Earl of, 308