63. Dictionary of National Biography, Sidney Lee (ed.), 1893, Vol. XXXIII, pp. 272–3.
64. Jean Overton Fuller, Shelley, 1968, p. 22.
65. Cameron, op. cit., p. 13.
66. Letters, I, No. 30, p. 28, n. 13.
67. ‘Prince Athanase’, Poetical Works, p. 163.
68. The Revolt of Islam, Canto IV, stanzas 12–14; Poetical Works, pp. 74–5.
69. Mary Shelley in Hogg, op. cit., I, pp. 35–6.
70. Letters, I, No. 4, p. 3.
71. ibid., No. 6, p. 4.
72. Hellen Shelley in Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 27.
73. Charles Grove to Hellen Shelley. Ingpen, op. cit., p. 94.
74. Harriet Grove’s Diary for 1810. Printed in Newman Ivey White, Shelley, 2 vols, 1940; I, Chapter 4.
75. Letters, I, No. 11, p. 11.
76. ibid., no. 15, p. 14.
77. Dr Eustace Chesser, Shelley & Zastrozzi; Self-Revelation of a Neurotic, 1965, p. 32. The study also reprints the entire text.
78. ibid., Zastrozzi, Chapter 17, pp. 156–9.
79. ibid., Chapter 15, p. 145.
80. Letters, I, No. 10, p. 10.
81. ibid., No. 35, p. 35.
82. ‘Ghasta; or, the Avenging Demon!!!’ Poetical Works, p. 854.
83. ‘The Irishman’s Song’, Poetical Works, p. 849.
84. Medwin, op. cit., p. 13.
85. Henry Slatter to Robert Montgomery, 18 December 1833. Cameron, p. 2.
Chapter 2, Oxford: 1810–11
1. The Clarendon Guide to Oxford, A.R. Woolley, OUP, 1963.
2. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 55.
3. ibid., p. 68.
4. ibid., p. 70.
5. ibid., p. 59.
6. Letters, I, No. 22, p. 19.
7. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 67.
8. Taylor’s cumulative account, given in Ingpen, Shelley in England, p. 178.
9. Medwin, The Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley, p. 51.
10. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 32.
11. ibid., p. 53.
12. ibid., pp. 51–3.
13. ibid., p. 61.
14. ibid., p. 85.
15. Notably Letters I, No. 30 and No. 45.
16. Cameron, The Young Shelley, Genesis of a Radical, p. 45ff.
17. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 72.
18. ibid., p. 80.
19. Letters, I, No. 64, p. 75.
20. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 56.
21. Letters, I, No. 30, p. 26, n. 3.
22. ibid., pp. 26–7.
23. ibid., No. 32, p. 32.
24. ibid., No. 30, pp. 27–8.
25. ibid., No. 35, p. 36.
26. ibid., No. 36, p. 39.
27. ibid., No. 35, p. 35.
28. ibid., No. 30, p. 29.
29. ibid., No. 34, p. 34.
30. ibid., No. 36, p. 39.
31. ibid., No. 39, p. 45.
32. ibid., No. 38, p. 42.
33. ibid.
34. ibid., No. 42, p. 47.
35. ibid., No. 45, p. 51.
36. ibid., No. 48, p. 53.
37. ibid., No. 39, p. 44.
38. Prose, pp. 37–9. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 165.
39. Percy Vaughan, Early Shelley Pamphlets, 1905, p. 17.
40. Ingpen, op. cit., pp. 231–8.
41. Letters, I, No. 48, p. 53.
42. ibid., No. 47, p. 52.
43. Oxford University and City Herald, 9 February 1811.
44. ibid., 9 March 1811.
45. ibid., 2 March 1811.
46. Letters, I, No. 49, p. 54.
47. Cameron, op. cit., p. 53.
48. Letters, I, No. 49, p. 54.
49. Peck, Shelley: His Life and Work, I, pp. 105–6.
50. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 169.
51. Medwin, op. cit., p. 86.
52. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 168.
53. C.J. Ridley, Junior Fellow of University College, quoted in Dowden, The Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley, I, p. 124n.
54. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 169.
55. Medwin, op. cit., p. 88.
56. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 171.
57. Ridley in Dowden, op. cit., I, p. 124n.
58. ibid.
59. Letters, I, No. 56, p. 61.
60. Joseph Gibbons Merle, ‘A Newspaper Editor’s Reminiscences’, in Fraser’s Magazine, June 1841, p. 704.
61. ibid., p. 702.
62. Letters, I, No. 50, pp. 55–6.
63. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 182.
64. Merle, op. cit., p. 705.
65. ibid., p. 706.
66. Letters, I, No. 51, p. 57.
67. ibid., No. 55, p. 57.
68. ibid., No. 55, p. 60.
69. ibid., n. 3.
70. ibid., No. 57, p. 62.
71. ibid., No. 60, p. 66, n1. Timothy’s letter continues: ‘The insulting, ungentlemanly letter to you appears the high-ton’d, self-willed dictate of the Diabolical Publications . . . . To cast off all thoughts of his Maker, to abandon his Parents, to wish to relinquish his Fortune and to court Persecution, all seem to arise from the same source . . . .’ It is printed in full in Ingpen, op. cit., pp. 253–4.
Chapter 3, Wales and Limbo: 1811
1. Letters, I, No. 61, p. 67.
2. ibid.
3. ibid., No. 62, p. 70.
4. ibid., No. 63, p. 71.
5. ibid., No. 64, p. 74.
6. ibid.
7. ibid., No. 63, p. 73. See The Esdaile Notebook, edited by K. N. Cameron, 1964, p. 124. (Shelley collected his earliest poems 1809–13 in a marbled copybook, which is now known as the Esdaile Manuscript Notebook and is presently held by the Carl H. Pforzheimer Library, New York.)
8. Letters, I, No. 66, pp. 76–7.
9. ibid., No. 69, p. 82.
10. ibid., p. 83.
11. ibid., No. 66, p. 77.
12. Edmund Blunden, Shelley: A Life Story, 1946, p. 65.
13. Letters, I, No. 68, p. 82.
14. ibid., No. 68, p. 81.
15. ibid., No. 66, p. 77.
16. Medwin, op. cit., p. 89.
17. ibid., p. 90.
18. Ingpen, Shelley in England, p. 516.
19. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 275 ff.
20. Letters, I, No. 69, p. 83.
21. ibid., No. 63, p. 71.
22. ibid., No. 175, p. 274.
23. ibid.
24. Peacock: Memoirs, Essays and Reviews, p. 57.
25. Letters, I, No. 67, p. 80.
26. Merle, Fraser’s Magazine, June 1841, p. 707.
27. Letters, I, No. 70, p. 84.
28. ibid., No. 85, p. 107.
29. Esdaile, p. 112. (See also Poetical Works, p. 842, with a maudlin title conferred by William Rossetti.)
30. Letters, I, No. 85, p. 108.
31. ibid., No. 80, p. 96.
32. See F. L. Jones, ‘Hogg’s Peep at Elizabeth Shelley’, Philological Quarterly, XXIX, 1950, for a scholarly disquisition on this romantic tryst.
33. Letters, I, No. 92, p. 118.
34. ibid., No. 81, pp. 97–8.
35. George Ensor, On National Education, 1811.
36. BM. Add. MS. 37496.
37. Miss Hitchener’s correspondence is also published in Professor Jones’s footnotes. Letters, I, No. 81, pp. 98–9 n. 5.
38. ibid., No. 81, p. 98.
39. ibid., No. 90, p. 116.
40. ibid., No. 86, p. 110.
41. ibid., No. 93, p. 119.
42. ibid., No. 92, p. 118.
43. ibid., No. 93, pp. 119–20.
44. ibid., No. 93, p. 120.
45. ibid., No. 101, p. 129.
46. Letters, I, No. 92, p. 118.
47. ibid., No. 95, p. 121.
48. ibid., No. 98, p. 123.
49. ibid.
50. ibid., No. 99, p. 125.
51. ibid., No. 99, p. 126.
52. ibid., No. 107, p. 136.
53. ibid., No. 101, p. 128.
54. ibid., No. 96, p. 122.
55. ibid., No. 100, p. 128.
56. ibid., N
o. 106, p. 134.
57. ibid., No. 114, p. 144.
58. ibid., No. 103, p. 131.
59. ibid., No. 105, p. 133.
60. See the legal brief supplied by Shelley’s lawyer Wetherall, quoted in Dowden, op. cit., II, p. 83.
61. Dowden, op. cit., I, p. 172.
62. Blunden, op. cit., p. 69, taken from the Scottish marriage register.
63. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 253.
64. ibid., p. 261.
65. ibid., p. 258.
66. ibid., p. 264.
67. Letters, I, No. 118, p. 151.
68. ibid., No. 110, p. 139.
69. ibid., No. 108, p. 138 n. 5.
70. ibid., No. 111, p. 140.
71. ibid., No. 112, p. 142.
72. ibid., No. 115, pp. 146–7.
73. ibid., No. 116, p. 147.
74. ibid., No. 117, p. 149.
75. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 271.
Chapter 4, Harriet Westbrook
1. Letters, I, No. 114, pp. 144–5.
2. Miss Hitchener in Letters, I, No. 114, p. 145 n. 2.
3. Letters, I, No. 118, p. 149.
4. ibid., No. 118, p. 151.
5. ibid.
6. ibid., No. 119, p. 152.
7. John Hogg to Timothy Shelley, in Letters, I, No. 117, p. 148, n. 1.
8. Letters, I, No. 130, p. 165.
9. William Whitton to Sir Bysshe Shelley, in Letters, I, No. 130, p. 165 n. 1.
10. Timothy Shelley in Letters, I, No. 130, p. 165 n. 3.
11. Letters, I, No. 119, p. 152.
12. ibid., No. 127, p. 158.
13. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 283.
14. Letters, I, No. 139, p. 182.
15. ibid.
16. ibid., No. 133, p. 171.
17. ibid., No. 140, p. 184.
18. ibid., No. 132, pp. 168–9.
19. ibid., No. 134, p. 172.
20. Pforzheimer, III, pp. 46–7. Previously Hogg’s bowdlerized version has been printed in Letters, I, No. 137.
21. Letters, I, No. 138, p. 181.
22. ibid.
23. ibid., No. 141, p. 186.
24. ibid., No. 140, p. 185.
25. ibid., No. 136, p. 175.
26. ibid., No. 136, p. 176.
27. Quoted in Howard Mills, Peacock: His Circle and His Age, 1969, p. 71. Mr Mills has succeeded in locating the interesting original of Hogg’s Floskyan distortion.
28. Thomas de Quincey, Complete Works, 1862, Vol. V, p. 20.
29. ibid., p. 10.
30. Letters, I, No. 146, p. 198.
31. ibid., No. 147, p. 199.
32. ibid., No. 149, p. 203.
33. ibid., No. 144, p. 196.
34. ibid., No. 144, pp. 193–4
35. ibid., No. 144, p. 196.
36. E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, p. 617. (I have used the revised (Penguin) edition of this magnificent social history, which provides the indispensable historical background to Shelley’s career in England.)
37. ibid., p. 592.
38. Letters, I, No. 148, p. 200.
39. ibid., No. 148, p. 201.
40. ibid., No. 148, p. 202.
41. Letters, I, No. 155, p. 213.
42. ibid., No. 155, p. 214.
43. The letter of 4 January 1812 to Grosvenor Bedford: Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey, ed. C.C. Southey, 1850, III, p. 325.
44. Hogg, op. cit., I, p. 291.
45. Letters, I, No. 155, pp. 210–12.
46. Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth; A biography, 2 vols, II, p. 239, 1965.
47. Letters, I, No. 156, p. 215.
48. Letters, I, No. 156, p. 219 n. 10.
49. Letters, I, No. 156, p. 216.
50. ibid., No. 161, p. 233.
51. ibid., No. 160, p. 231.
52. ibid., No. 156, p. 218.
53. ibid., No. 157, pp. 219–21.
54. ibid., No. 159, pp. 221–8.
55. That is to say: Letters, I, No. 24, p. 21 (19 November 1810); No. 30, p. 27 (20 December 1810); and No. 41, p. 47 (16 January 1811).
56. See Ingpen, Shelley in England, pp. 307–8.
57. Letters, I, No. 160, p. 230.
58. ibid.
59. ibid.
60. ibid., No. 160, p. 231.
61. ibid.
62. Cameron, Young Shelley: Genesis of a Radical, p. 142. For a careful examination of Shelley’s lively plagiarisms, see Peck, Shelley: His Life and Work, II, pp. 341–3.
63. Poetical Works, pp. 878–9.
64. Esdaile Notebook, ed. Cameron, p. 40.
65. Letters, I, No. 158, p. 223.
66. ibid., No. 161, p. 234.
67. Esdaile, p. 154.
68. ibid., p. 63.
69. Letters, I, No. 163, p. 243.
70. ibid., No. 150, p. 204.
71. ibid., No. 151, p. 205.
72. ibid., No. 152, pp. 205–6.
73. ibid., No. 152, p. 206.
74. ibid., No. 161, p. 232.
75. ibid., No. 162, p. 239.
76. Cumberland Pacquet, 28 January 1812, from the Carlisle Public Library Archive. Note: from Dowden down to Professor Jones’s edition of Letters, this date had been consistently given as 28 January 1811. This error now stands corrected.
77. Letters, I, No. 162, p. 240.
78. ibid., No. 162, p. 240.
79. ibid., No. 162, p. 241.
80. ibid.
81. ibid., No. 164, p. 244.
82. ibid., No. 162, p. 240.
83. ibid., No. 162, p. 241.
84. ibid., No. 167, p. 252.
85. Esdaile, p. 43.
86. Letters, I, No. 164, p. 247.
87. ibid., No. 164, p. 246.
88. ibid., No. 164, p. 248.
89. ibid., No. 165, p. 249.
90. ibid., No. 165, p. 248.
91. ibid., No. 165, p. 249.
Chapter 5, Irish Revolutionaries: 1812
1. Esdaile Notebook, ed. Cameron, p. 203 n. 2.
2. ibid., p. 71.
3. Letters, I, No. 167, p. 255.
4. ibid., No. 168, p. 256.
5. ibid., No. 170, p. 258.
6. ibid., No. 172, p. 65. (Here, as elsewhere, Harriet has shared the letter to Miss Hitchener with Shelley.)
7. Prose, p. 39.
8. Letters, I, No. 172, p. 263.
9. Prose, p. 51.
10. ibid., p. 49.
11. Letters, I, No. 162, p. 239.
12. Prose, p. 55.
13. ibid.
14. William Godwin to Shelley, Letters, I, No. 173, p. 269 n. 6. The text of this letter comes from Hogg, op. cit.
15. William Godwin to Shelley, Letters, I, No. 170, p. 260, n. 8. An incomplete text, also from Hogg, op. cit.
16. Letters, I, No. 173, p. 267.
17. Letters, I, No. 172, pp. 264–5.
18. Denis Florence Mac Carthy, Shelley’s Early Life: From Original Sources, London 1870, pp. 238–41. Mac Carthy was the first writer to examine Shelley’s exploits in Dublin with any care. The two English agents were Michael Farrell, a ‘chief constable’, and Thomas Manning, who ‘held an inferior position’.
19. Letters, I, No. 175, p. 275.
20. ibid., No. 172, p. 264.
21. ibid.
22. ibid., No. 173, p. 268.
23. ibid., No. 174, p. 271.
24. ibid.
25. Harriet Shelley in Letters, I, No. 176, p. 279 n. 5. The text comes from Mac Carthy, op. cit.
26. ibid., No. 178, p. 283 n. 8. (Harriet Shelley’s letters were first collected in the Julian Edition, The Complete Works of Shelley, ed. Ingpen and Peck, 10 vols, 1926–30. However, Harriet’s letters are also given in full by F. L. Jones in his footnotes to Letters, I, and since these are the most easily accessible to the general reader, I have listed my references accordingly.)
27. Letters, I, No. 175, p. 275.
28. Godwin to Shelley, Letters, I, No. 173, pp. 269–70, n. 6.
29. Prose, p. 62.
30. Letters,
I, No. 176, pp. 276–7.
31. ibid., No. 176, p. 278.
32. ibid., No. 177, p. 280.
33. Letters, I, No. 178, p. 282.
34. ibid., No. 176, p. 279 n. 5.
35. ibid., No. 172, p. 264.
Chapter 6, A Radical Commune
1. Harriet to Mrs Nugent, Letters, I, No. 178, p. 284 n. 8.
2. ibid., p. 281.
3. Esdaile Notebook, ed. Cameron, p. 105.
4. Letters, I, No. 190, p. 301.
5. ibid., No. 181, p. 287.
6. ibid., No. 190, p. 301.
7. ibid., No. 187, p. 296.
8. ibid., No. 178, p. 282.
9. ibid., No. 187, p. 297.
10. Harriet to Mrs Nugent, Letters, I, No. 192, p. 305 n. 1.
11. Letters, I, No. 181, p. 287.
12. ibid., No. 178, p. 283.
13. ibid., No. 180, p. 285.
14. ibid., No. 192, p. 305 n. 1.
15. Mac Carthy, Shelley’s Early Life, p. 310.
16. ibid., p. 321.
17. ibid., p. 313.
18. Prose, pp. 70–2.
19. Letters, I, No. 178, p. 281.
20. ibid., No. 190, p. 302.
21. ibid., No. 186, p. 295.
22. ibid., No. 182, p. 288.
23. ibid., No. 184, pp. 290–1.
24. ibid., No. 185, p. 292.
25. ibid., No. 186, p. 294.
26. ibid., No. 186, pp. 294–5.
27. ibid., No. 186, p. 296.
28. Medwin to Shelley, Letters, I, No. 188a n. 1.
29. Harriet to Mrs Nugent, Letters, I, No. 192, p. 305 n. 1.
30. Letters, I, No. 191, pp. 302–3.
31. ibid., No. 192, p. 304.
32. Letters, I, No. 193, p. 306.
33. Examiner, 31 May 1812.
34. Letters, I, No. 194, p. 307.
35. ibid., No. 195, p. 308.
36. ibid., No. 195, p. 309.
37. ibid., No. 196, p. 311.
38. Harriet Shelley to Mrs Nugent, Letters, I, No. 195, pp. 309–10 n. 2.
39. The Home Office papers and policing instructions were first examined and published in full by William Rossetti in the Fortnightly Review, January 1871, p. 79.
40. Letters, I, No. 199, p. 319.
41. ibid., No. 196, p. 311.
42. Godwin to Shelley, Letters, I, No. 197, p. 313 n. 1.
43. Rossetti, op. cit., p. 78.
44. Harriet to Mrs Nugent, Letters, I, No. 199, p. 321 no. 6.
45. Rossetti, op. cit., p. 79.
46. Esdaile, p. 89.
47. Letters, I, No. 197, p. 314.
48. Harriet to Mrs Nugent, Letters, I, No. 199, p. 320 n. 6.
49. Letters, I, No. 198, p. 318.
50. Letters, II, No. 501, p. 99. To Peacock, June 1819.
51. Letters, I, No. 198, p. 316.
52. ibid., No. 198, p. 318.
53. ibid., No. 199, p. 319.
54. ibid., No. 201, p. 323.