Homer’s alleged invention of ,

  Iliad’s first mention of,

  Iris’ message for

  leadership of

  omen ignored by

  paired brothers motif and,

  parents’ imploring of

  Paris disparaged by

  Patroklos killed by

  Poulydamas’ exchange with

  return to Troy of

  shield of,

  as sympathetic character,

  unheroic actions of,

  wounding of

  Helen

  abduction or seduction of

  Achaean warriors identified by ,

  Aphrodite confronted by

  avenging of,

  beauty of

  duel for, see duel, Paris-Menelaos

  in Egypt,

  etymology of name of

  Hektor addressed by

  Hektor’s death and

  Hittite law and,

  Iris as messenger to

  Judgment of Paris and

  origins of,

  pact of suitors of

  phantom of,

  possessions of

  postwar life of

  self-characterization of

  weaving of

  Helenos

  Helios

  Hellen

  Hellenes

  Hellespont (Dardanelles)(map)

  boundless,

  current and wind in,

  helmets:

  of Achilles

  of Hektor

  of Paris

  of Patroklos

  Hephaistos,

  Achilles’ armor made by ,

  falls of,

  houses crafted by

  intervention in war by

  lameness of,

  Thetis’ saving of

  Hera,

  Achaean cities sacrificed by

  Aphrodite mocked by

  cows associated with,

  in Deception of Zeus

  Hephaistos thrown from Olympos by .

  horses and,

  intervention in war by

  Judgment of Paris and

  Sarpedon’s death and ,

  Thetis’ marriage and ,

  Zeus’ pact with

  Herakles,

  Hermes,

  with Priam

  Herodotus,

  heroes:

  Achilles’ distinctiveness from tradition of

  angry, withdrawal of

  cult worship of,

  Peleus as outside tradition of

  quarrels between, see quarrels between heroes

  smith as nurturer and guardian of ,

  superiority of fathers and

  whisking away of,

  withdrawal-to-return theme of ,

  see also specific heroes

  Hesiod,

  Athene’s birth in

  on athletic games,

  catalogue poetry of,

  divine deception in,

  on Heracles’ shield

  on Menoitios

  on Niobe,

  on origins of Myrmidons ,

  Theogony of,

  hetaros,

  Hill of the Thicket,

  Himerius,

  Hippolochos

  Hippomolgoi

  Hittites,

  Ahhiyawa and

  Alaksandu of Wilusa in texts of

  in Battle of Kadesh,

  cremation and,

  cuneiform of

  divine appeasement and,

  law of, Helen’s situation and,

  Luwian in ritual text of

  mission of suppliant parent and

  Mycenaean contact with,

  religious festivals of

  Song of Kumarbi of,

  Trojans related to,

  “vanishing deity” stories of,

  Weather God of

  Wilusa as vassal state of,

  Homer

  as blind bard,

  Embassy’s innovative elements and ,

  as “first geographer,”

  Hektor as alleged invention of ,

  Hesiod’s borrowing from

  new direction for epic of ,

  origins of

  outlandishness eschewed by ,

  Patroklos developed by,

  Phoinix as invention of,

  Plato’s banning of works of

  theogony of

  Homeric Hymns,

  homosexuality,

  honor

  of Achilles, see Achilles, honor of

  of Agamemnon

  Horace

  horses,

  burial of,

  Diomedes cults and

  divine

  in funeral games,

  grief of,

  Hera and,

  of King Rhesos,

  Pedasos

  Housman, A. E., (“Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries”)

  Hypeiron

  Hyperboreans,

  Ibycus,

  ichor

  Ida, Mount

  Idaios

  Idomeneus,

  Iliad (Homer):

  Anatolian phraseology in ,

  dating of

  dissemination of, xiii-xvi,

  episodes ignored or rejected by

  events outside the time parameters of

  final form of

  first known reference to

  greatness of

  heroic view of war questioned by

  lapses in memory of

  Lattimore’s translation of , xix,

  meaning of

  natural world similes in ,

  origins of

  plot outline of

  as religious text

  structure of,

  transformed into martial epic glorifying war

  transforming choices and

  see also specific topics

  Ilias Persis (The Sack of Ilion)

  Ilion, see Trojans, Troy

  Ilios,

  immortality,

  individual destiny

  Indo-European:

  Swelénā

  Zeus in

  Indo-European myth and tradition,

  abduction of Sun Maiden in

  cremation and,

  Dawn Goddess and her mortal lovers in,

  fire-water pairings in,

  heroic conventions and

  Sky God in

  Io

  Iolkos(map)

  king of

  Peleus’ sack of,

  Ionia, Ionians,

  Iphis,

  Iraq War, xiii,

  Iris:

  as messenger to Achilles

  as messenger to Hektor

  as messenger to Helen

  as messenger to Priam

  as messenger to Thetis

  Iron Age, see Dark (Iron) Age

  Ishtar

  Ishtar-Astarte

  Jason and the Argonauts

  jewelry,

  Judgment of Paris

  Kadesh, Battle of,

  Kalchas

  Kalydon

  Kalydonian Boar Hunt ,

  Kassandra

  Keats, John

  Keegan, John

  Kleopatra

  kléos (rumor, report, news)

  Kolb, Frank,

  Korfmann, Manfred,

  koruthaíolos, use of term

  Kronos, Zeus’ overthrowing of ,

  Laodike

  Laomedon,

  Laothoë

  Latin

  Lattimore, Richmond, xix,

  leadership

  of Achilles

  of Agamemnon,

  of Hektor

  Leda

  Lefkandi(map)

  burial above,

  Lemnos

  “leopard men,”

  Lesbos(map)

  Achilles purified in,

  Euboia’s contacts with,

  Mycenaean arrival in,

  Trojan War associations with,

  women from,

  Lesches

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; Leto

  Linear B script

  Linear B tablets,

  Achilles in

  Aiólos in

  Alexandros in

  deities in

  Hektor in

  inventory lists in

  women’s work in,

  lion imagery

  literacy

  Little Iliad (attributed to Lesches)

  Livius Andronicus

  Lokrians

  Lokris

  Longinus

  Luwian language

  Luwians,

  Lycurgus,

  Lykaon,

  Lykia

  Lykomedes, King

  lyre,

  MacDiarmid, Hugh (“Another Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries”),

  Machaon

  Machen, Arthur

  Maia

  malaria,

  Malawi, iron smelting in,

  Marines, U.S.,

  Marmara, Sea of

  “Medon,”

  Meges

  Melanippus

  Meleager ,

  Apollo as slayer of,

  fire in legend of,

  Memnon,

  Menelaos, king of Sparta

  Adrestos captured by

  Antenor’s characterization of

  Antimachos’ advocacy of killing of,

  evocation of Zeus’ punishment

  in funeral games

  Helen’s postwar life with

  paired brothers motif and,

  Paris’ battlefield encounter with

  Paris’ duel with, see duel, Paris-Menelaos

  Patroklos’ corpse and

  Menesthios,

  mēnis (wrath),

  Menoitios,

  Meriones,

  at funeral games

  metalworker status

  Middle Ages

  Middle East

  Minos, King,

  Mogadishu, U.S. Rangers dragged through

  Mons

  Moran, Lord

  mothers, of warriors

  multitude,

  murder and purification theme ,

  Murine,

  Murray, Gilbert

  Mursili II,

  Muwattalli II, Hittite king,

  Mycenae, Mycenaeans, Mycenaean world(map),

  Agamemnon’s homecoming to

  archaeology of,

  army of,

  in Black Sea region,

  graves of,

  inventories of

  loss of,

  memories of

  palace-citadels of

  place-names in Catalogue of Ships and ,

  raids of

  as refugees,

  regional differences of

  Troy cemetery for

  warrior goddesses of

  wealth of

  Zeus-Hera pact and

  Myrmidon (city of cannibals)

  Myrmidons ,

  Achilles’ mustering of

  in Catalogue of Ships,

  as distinct from Phthians,

  mourning of

  origins of,

  Patroklos’ funeral and

  Patroklos given command of

  status and function of

  withdrawal of

  Mysians

  Nasiriya,

  nature, natural world:

  fights against,

  similes from,

  Near East

  Apollo’s origins in,

  child sacrifice in,

  testing-of-army motif in,

  treaty formats in,

  warrior goddesses in

  Nemesis

  Neoptolemos,

  Nereids

  Nereus,

  Nestor, king of Pylos

  on Agamemnon’s dream

  authority of

  Diomedes rebuked by

  at funeral games

  intervention in Achilles-Agamemnon quarrel by

  as long lived

  morale bolstering of

  Patroklos’ encounter with

  Phoinix compared with

  on plunder

  Niobe,

  Nostoi (Returns) (epic)

  oath taking:

  Achilles-Hektor combat and

  of Agamemnon

  of Helen’s suitors,

  terms of duel and

  Zeus’ upholding of

  Octavian (later Roman emperor Augustus)

  Odysseus

  Aias’ competition with ,

  Antenor’s characterization of

  descent to Hades of,

  in Doloneia,

  in Embassy to Achilles

  at funeral games,

  Helen’s identification of

  morale bolstering of

  nocturnal mission to Trojan camp of ,

  in Phthia

  quarrels of

  in Skyros

  Thersites’ relationship with

  war memories of

  Odyssey (Homer)

  divine deception in,

  English translation of

  Hades in,

  Hermes in

  impotence and nonbeing of the dead in

  Latin versions or imitations of

  Menelaos in,

  Phaiakian court in

  portraits of professional singers in

  quarrels between heroes in

  offerings,

  blood,

  Okeanos,

  Olympic Games

  Olympos, Mount

  Hephaistos thrown from

  as home of gods

  maintaining peace on

  return of gods to

  Thetis’ visits to

  omens

  snake as

  “On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer” (Keats)

  On the Sublime (Longinus)

  Opous

  oral storytelling

  outlaws:

  Peleus’ court of,

  wolves as model for,

  Paiëon,

  paired brothers motif,

  paired or inseparable heroes theme

  Pallas,

  Pandaros

  Paris

  Achilles’ death and,

  Aphrodite’s desire for

  Aphrodite’s whisking away of ,

  arming of

  battlefield absences of ,

  beauty contest judged by

  death of

  Hektor’s disparagement of

  Helen awarded to

  Helen’s abduction or seduction by ,

  Helen’s loathing for

  Menelaos’ battlefield encounter with

  Menelaos’ duel with, see duel, Paris-Menelaos

  paired brothers motif and,

  in Sparta

  two names of,

  parsley

  Patroklos

  Achilles and, see Achilles

  Antilochos compared with,

  arming of

  armor of,

  death of ,

  epithets of

  evil for

  exile of

  fight for body of

  funeral games for, see funeral games

  funeral of,

  ghost of

  Homer’s development of,

  meaning of name of

  medicinal art of

  Nestor’s encounter with

  number of Trojans killed by ,

  Sarpedon’s death and

  peace, Achilles’ shield and

  Pedaios

  Pedasos

  pederasty,

  Peirithoös of Thessaly

  Peleus,

  Achilles’ filial bonds with

  Achilles’ homecoming and

  biography and career of

  marriages of ,

  Menoetius as brother of

  old age of,

  Phoinix as replacement of

  postwar fate of

  shadowy presence of,

  themes that cluster around ,

  wedding gifts of ,

  Pelion, Mount, Pelion Mountains ,

>   Peloponnese(map)

  Penthesilea (Amazon queen) ,

  Persephone

  petrification,

  Phaiakians

  Phereklos

  Philoktetes,

  Philostratus

  Phoenicians,

  Phoinix

  as Homeric invention,

  Meleager tale of

  Phokos,

  Phthia(map),

  Achilles’ thoughts of

  boundaries of

  Nestor in

  Patroklos’ flight to

  Peleus cast out of

  Peleus’ court of outlaws in,

  as Waste Land,

  Pindar,

  place-names, in Catalogue of Ships ,

  Plato, xiv,

  Pleuron, rowers’ list for,

  plunder

  Podarge

  Podargos

  Polydore,

  Polydoros

  Polyxena,

  Poseidon

  Aineias rescued by,

  intervention in war by

  offerings to,

  “spreading of the bed” and

  possessions

  of Helen

  in inventory lists

  pottery,

  Poulydamas

  power

  powerlessness, of Helen

  Precepts of Cheiron (poem)

  Priam, king of Troy ,

  Achaean warriors’ identity queried by ,

  daughters of

  death of

  Hektor implored by

  Hektor’s corpse retrieved by

  Hektor’s death and

  honor of

  Iris as messenger to

  old age of

  origin of name of

  Paris-Menelaos duel and

  predictions of

  sons of

  symbolic journey to Hades of ,

  prizes:

  for funeral games ,

  see also war prizes

  Proclus

  Proitos

  Prometheus,

  prophetic powers, prophecy ,

  Psalms, book of

  Psamathe,

  psychopompós (guide of the souls)

  Pylos(map),

  quarrels between heroes

  see also specific quarrels

  Ramses II,

  Rangers, U.S.

  ransom

  for Hektor’s body

  rape,

  recitation:

  of genealogies,

  of Iliad

  refugees, Mycenaean ,

  religious festival sites, lists of ,

  Rhadamanthys,

  Rhesos, King,

  Rhodes,

  Roman de Troie

  Roman Empire

  Aineias as founder of

  knowledge of Homer in

  split of

  rowers, list of,

  sacrifice

  child,

  of domestic animals,

  hero cults and,

  human

  to Zeus

  St. Elmo’s fire,

  Salamis islanders,

  Samothrace

  Sarpedon of Lykia ,

  scepter of the assembly,

  Achilles’ taking of

  Agamemnon’s use of

  Odysseus’ use of

  scorched-earth tactics

  seers

  Shay, Jonathan

  Shield of Heracles (Hesiod)

  shields

  of Achilles ,

  of Agamemnon,

  of Hektor,

  ships,