Smollett, Tobias, 477
Smyrna convoy:
ambushed (1693), 182–3
Snyder, Henry L., 6, 101, 413
Soignies, 204
Solms, Heinrich Maastricht, Count, 172, 181–2
Somers, John, Baron, 28, 35n, 364, 413, 415, 444
Somerset, Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of, 32, 138, 177, 205, 207, 414, 442, 475
Somerset, Elizabeth, Duchess of, 23
Somerset, William Seymour, 3rd Duke of, 113–16, 131
South Sea Bubble, 444, 473
Southampton, Charles FitzRoy, 1st Duke of (and 2nd Duke of Cleveland), 62
Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of, 49
Southwell, Elizabeth Cromwell, Lady, 257, 481
Southwold Bay, battle of (1672), 68–9, 77
Spaar, General, 243, 429
Spagge, Sir Edward, 61
Spain:
campaign in, 208–9, 246, 329–30, 350, 356–7, 360, 362–3
in peace terms, 410, 420, 435, 441, 452, 458–9
Spanish Netherlands:
in War of League of Augsburg, 181–2
and Spanish succession, 193
occupation and extent, 196, 198
France loses territory, 356
Dutch unpopularity in, 361
governed by Anglo-Dutch condominium, 368, 371
campaign of 1708 in, 369
Marlborough offered governorship, 421
see also Flanders
Spanish Succession, War of (1701–13):
sources, 8
ends, 15
and War of League of Augsburg, 172–3
origins, 192–3
conduct, 209
opening campaign in Low Countries, 224–7
and French demands, 322
Sparke, William, 120
Spectator (journal), 36
Spencer, Lady Anne (Marlborough’s daughter) see Sunderland, Countess of
Spencer, Charles (historian), 3
Spencer, Charles, Lord see Sunderland, 3rd Earl of
Spencer, Lady Diana, 473
Spencer, Major Giles, 20
Spencer-Churchill family, 476
Speyerbach, 305
battle of (1704), 251, 254
Stair, John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of, 181, 208
Stair, John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of, 284, 347, 391, 403, 454, 467
Stanhope, Major General James, 1st Earl, 303, 356–7
Stanislas Lesczynski, King of Poland, 357
Steele, Sir Richard, 15, 18
Steenkirk, battle of (1692), 172, 181–2
Stepney, George, 212, 218, 220, 254, 368, 438
Stewart, Major-General William, 19
Stollhofen, Lines of, 240, 250–1, 256, 268, 278, 305, 331
Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of, 210
Strafford, Major General Thomas Wentworth, 3rd Earl of (earlier Baron Raby):
on Masham’s patronage, 23
on Portmore’s selling regiment to Kirke, 24
Cadogan meets, 210
told of Marlborough’s forces, 216
praises Cadogan, 217
Stepney seconds in Berlin, 254
and Cadogan’s staff work, 256
and Marlborough’s campaign against Vendôme, 361
and capture of Cadogan, 367
relations with Cadogan, 440
denied promotion, 446–7
Strasbourg, 90, 188, 249
Stretton, Lieutenant, 405
Strickland, Admiral Sir Roger, 145
Strong (Blenheim Palace mason), 301
Stuart, Frances, 62
Sturler, General, 388
Styrum, Hermann Otto Limburg-Styrum, Count zu, 248, 275, 287
Sunderland, Anne Spencer, Countess of (née Churchill; Marlborough’s daughter), 102, 108, 191, 448, 469, 471
Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of:
first marriage (to Anne Churchill), 191
as extraordinary envoy to Vienna, 304
Sarah recommends for high office, 351
appointed secretary of state, 353
and Marlborough’s siege of Lille, 402
Anne dismisses, 442–3
remarries, 473
Sunderland, Judith, Countess of (née Tichborne), 473
Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of:
works with Godolphin, 100
and Anne’s marriage to Prince George, 106
and Anne’s circle, 108
persuades Sarah to reconciliation with William, 186
Whiggism, 191
and French peace overtures (1709), 215–16
opposes Prince George’s exemption from naturalisation clause in Act of Settlement, 234
Supremacy, Oath of, 77
Surville, Louis Charles de Hautefort, marquis de, 419
Sweden:
defeated in Great Northern War, 306
see also Charles XII, King of Sweden
Sweet, Benjamin, 460
Swift, Jonathan, 5, 33
The Conduct of the Allies in the late War, 458
Swift, Richard, 208
Swiss:
at battle of Oudenarde, 388
serve on both sides at Malplaquet, 424
Syon House, Middlesex, 177, 180
Talbot, Lieut.-Colonel Richard, 92, 110
Tallard, Marshal Camille de:
on Blenheim campaign, 8–9
in Lines of Stollhofen, 240
Prince William of Baden resists, 251
threat in Bavaria, 255
and Marlborough’s march into Germany, 259–60
joins Elector of Bavaria, 277–8, 280–1, 283
defeated at battle of Blenheim, 282, 285, 287–9, 292–5
ignorance of Marlborough/Eugène’s strength, 282
praises Zurlauben, 292
as prisoner, 296–7
defeats Prince Louis at Speyerbach, 305
Tangerines (conspiratorial group), 136
Tangier:
Pepys in, 10
British troops in, 49, 51
as part of Catherine of Braganza’s dowry, 49, 51
Marlborough serves in, 59–60
Taunton, Somerset, 120, 126
Taviers, 334, 345–6
Teignmouth, 168
Temple, Sir Richard, 207
Tenison, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 137
Tessé, Marshal Mans Jean Baptiste René de Froullai, comte de, 259
Test Acts, 77–8, 131, 137
in Scotland, 95
Teviot, Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of, 59, 82
Thiery Wood, Flanders, 422–4
Thornhill, Sir James, 301
Thourout, 399
Thungen, General, 202
Tillotson, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, 186
Tilly, Claude t’Serclaes, Count of, 386, 455
Tincey, John, 118, 128
Tirlemont, 315, 317, 333
Tollemache, Lieutenant General Thomas, 161, 172–3, 174, 183, 184
Tonbridge (Tunbridge), Michael de Burghe, Viscount, 294
Tongres, 229, 241, 247, 367
Torbay:
William lands at, 145
British invasion fleet returns to, 350
Torcy, Jean-Baptise Colbert, marquis de, 193, 216, 319, 410, 458
Tories:
representation in Parliament, 33
following and views, 35–7
on war with France, 37
name adopted, 90
and Cockpit circle, 140
deny pension to Marlborough, 233
favour seapower, 233
Sarah’s hostility to, 238–9, 298
and Blenheim victory, 298
success of moderates in 1703 election, 304
removed from office under Anne, 353
and Webb, 413
hostility to Marlborough, 415
disparage Marlborough’s military achievements, 458
accept Treaty of Utrecht, 459
Torrington, Admiral Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of, 13
7, 145, 168
Torrington, Viscount see Byng, Admiral Sir George
torture (judicial):
in France, 66
in Scotland, 94
Toulon:
Allied attack on, 357–61
Tournai, 367, 393, 418–21, 455
Tourville, Admiral Anne-Hilarion de Cotentin, 179
Townshend, Charles, Viscount, 447
Trained Bands (London), 49
Trarbach, 249, 251, 305
Treason Club, 136
Trelawney, Brigadier General Charles:
opposes Monmouth rebellion, 114, 125
conspires against James II, 136
deserts James II, 151
serves on commission for army reform, 159
Trelawney, Sir John, Bishop of Exeter, then of Winchester, 33, 136, 233, 355
Trento, 250
Trevelyan, George Macaulay:
on Marlborough, 4–5
on Whigs, 36
on success of William’s invasion, 147
on effect of battle of Ramillies, 348
on Malplaquet, 441
Trier, 249, 251, 305, 309, 311–12
Trogne, Jean Gérard, Baron van, 243
Tullibardine, Colonel John Murray the younger, styled Earl of, 433
Turckheim, 81
Turenne, Marshal Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne, vicomte de, 79–82
Turin, siege of (1706), 350
Turkey (Ottoman Empire):
alliance with French, 146, 250
and Peace of Carlowitz, 250
Turnham Green, 187
Tyrconnell, Frances, Countess of (née Jennings; Sarah Marlborough’s sister):
serves at court, 83–4
marriage to Hamilton, 86
and Marlborough’s courtship of Sarah, 88
first husband killed, 89
marriage to Tyrconnell, 92–3
Marlborough buys share of Jennings home from, 100
Marlborough arranges pass to Aix for, 327
Tyrconnell, Richard Talbot, Earl (later Duke) of:
marriage to Frances, 92–3
and reform of army in Ireland, 133–4
secures Ireland for James, 166
and campaign in Ireland (1690), 169, 170–1
death, 171
Ulm, 74, 202, 240, 250, 305
Union, Act of (Scotland-England, 1707), 356
United Provinces (Dutch Republic):
commercial treaty with France (1697), 18
Louis XIV’s threat to and war with, 51, 65–8
England forms treaty of alliance with (1677), 52
government, 67, 198–9
British troops in, 78
peace with Britain (1674), 78
war with France ends (1678), 89
France resumes war with (1688), 146, 159
Marlborough appointed ambassador, 195–6
threatened by French, 196, 198
and Spanish occupation of Netherlands territory, 197–8
religious toleration, 198
in War of Spanish Succession, 198–9, 201, 224–5
conduct of war, 199–200
maritime interests, 199
support Marlborough as commander, 201
and French peace overtures (1709), 216
raise additional troops (1703), 240
suspend trade with France, 240
veto Marlborough’s plan to attack Lines of Brabant, 247
at Donauwörth, 275
French negotiate with (1705), 318–19
and supplies of saltpetre, 326
see also Dutch, the
Upcott, Captain (of Oxford Blues), 122
Utrecht, Treaty of (1713), 15, 458–9, 462
Valencia, 350
Valenciennes, 420, 453
Vanbrugh, Sir John:
declines post of surveyor general, 22
designs Blenheim Palace, 300–1
disagrees with Sarah over continuing with Blenheim building, 472
Sarah dismisses from Blenheim Palace project, 477
Vauban, Marshal Sebastien le Prestre de, 70, 73–4, 76, 90, 130, 184, 392, 452
Vaudemont, Charles Thomas, Prince of, 174
Vegetius:
De Re Militari, 46–7
Vendôme, Louis-Joseph, Duke of:
replaces Villeroi after Ramillies, 349
opposes Marlborough on Brabant borders, 361–2
returns captured Cadogan in exchange for Pallavicini, 368
and 1708 campaign in Spanish Netherlands, 369, 371, 378–9, 393
Louis XIV sends instructions to, 369–70
relations with Burgundy, 370, 377–8, 390, 393
and battle of Oudenarde, 382–4, 386, 389–90
orders capture of Allied arms convoy, 399
and siege of Lille, 401
loses favour, 412
Venlo, siege of (1701), 227–8
Venner, Thomas, 49–50
Verona, 250
Versailles, 66
Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy:
makes separate peace with France (1696), 188
new treaty of alliance (1703), 239
defection from France, 252, 329–30
Eugène disparages, 252
payments to, 252–3
attack on Toulon, 357–61
campaign in Italy, 362
Palmes meets in Vienna, 416
dilatoriness, 417
territorial gains under Peace of Utrecht, 458
Vienna:
strategic position, 250
Vigo Bay:
Spanish treasure fleet captured, 233
Villars, Marshal Claude Louis Hector, duc de:
intervenes at Walcourt, 162
leads cavalry at Grammont, 174
aims to capture Kehl, 240
defeats Prince Louis at Friedlingen, 251
declines to offer battle at Sieck, 310
attacks Prince Louis on Rhine, 331–2
commands army on Rhine, 331
at battle of Ramillies, 341
forced to retreat after Ramillies, 348
appointed commander in Flanders (1709), 412, 417, 420
character, 412
deployment and manoeuvres in Flanders, 417–19, 422–3
on weak state of soldiers, 417
and Allied attack on Tournai, 418
given permission to fight, 421
reinforces Mons, 421
in battle of Malplaquet, 423, 425, 430–1
wounded, 431–2, 434
Marlborough writes to after Malplaquet, 434
in 1710 campaign, 450–2
on Charles III’s accession as Emperor, 452
throws up Ne Plus Ultra lines, 453–4, 457
captures Arleux, 454
Marlborough plans to attack, 455–7
letter from Ormonde, 462
victories against Eugène, 462
Villeroi, Marshal François de Neufville, duc de:
Eugène captures at Cremona, 224
commands in Lines of Brabant, 240–4, 246
captures Tongres, 241
forage supply, 244
Marlborough’s confidence of defeating, 256
and Marlborough’s march into Germany, 259–60
at Lines of Stollhofen, 278
Elector joins on Rhine, 305
in Brabant (1705–6), 310, 317, 331
sends snuffboxes to Marlborough, 311
counters Marlborough’s movements at Lines of Brabant, 312
defeated at Lines of Brabant, 315
opposes Allied crossing of Dyle, 320–1
besieges Leau, 331
deployment and defeat at Ramillies, 332–6, 339, 345, 346–7
casualties at Ramillies, 348
replaced by Vendôme after Ramillies, 349
Villiers, Barbara see Cleveland, Duchess of
Villiers, Elizabeth see Orkney, Countess of
Vimy Ridge, 455
Violaine, Brigadier de, 229
Voisin, Daniel
François, 412
Vollant, Simon, 392
Vryberg, Martinus van, 325
Wade, Colonel Nathaniel, 112, 116, 124
Walcourt, battle of (1689), 160–2
Waldeck, Georg Friedrich, Prince of, 159–62, 173
Walker, Robert, 14
Waller, Sir Hardress, 210
Waller, Sir William, 40
Walpole, Horace, 235
Walpole, Sir Robert, 22, 416
Walter, Lucy, 77, 110
Wangé, château of, 314
warfare:
seasonal conduct of, 220
Warneton, 421
Wassenaer en Obdam (Opdam), General Jacob van Wassenaer, Count van, 227, 230–1, 242–6, 318
Webb, Major General John:
Toryism, 36, 413
commands arms convoy in Flanders, 399–401
and Wynendaele engagement, 399
in battle of Malplaquet, 400–1, 426
Webb, Stephen Saunders, 175, 184
Wedderburn, Major, 416
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of:
compared with Marlborough, 2, 6
promotion after Moore’s death, 185
and discipline, 480
Wentworth, George, 24
Wentworth, Peter, 23
Wentworth, Thomas, 5th Baron, 48–9
Werden, Sir John, 95
Wermüller, Colonel, 341
Wesel, 240
Westonzoyland, Somerset, 120–3, 125 Wharton, Thomas, 1st Marquess of:
on voting in Lords, 29
political activities and sympathies, 33–7
in conspiracy against James II, 136
supposedly writes lyrics to ‘Lillibulero’, 143
and Anne’s claim for grant, 164
earldom, 353
and Sarah’s differences with Anne, 408
in Cabinet, 413
Wheatcroft, Andrew, 1
Wheate, Sir Thomas, 223, 461
Whigs:
in Parliament, 32–3
junto, 35, 353
as party, 35–6
term adopted, 90
government (1705), 330
supports funding of war, 330
election success (1708), 364
ascendancy, 412, 437
Marlborough supports, 413
and peace terms, 441
government under Harley, 442
condemn light peace terms for France, 459
fear Jacobite invasion, 463
purged from army, 467
Whitehall, palace of, 56–7
Wild Geese (Irish), 130, 347
Wilkes, John, 459
Wilkes, Lieutenant General, 292
William I (the Silent), Prince of Orange, 67
William III (of Orange), King of England, Scotland and Ireland:
achievements, 1
appearance, 13
accession, 15, 156–7
favours and ennobles Dutch officers, 27, 172
composition of Parliament, 33
marriage, 52, 92
cultivates Hampton Court gardens, 57
opposes Louis XIV, 67