Evans, Richard, The Third Reich at War, 1939–1945, Allen Lane, 2008, London.

  Gilbert, Martin, Second World War, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989, London.

  Grill, John Peter Horst, The Nazi Movement in Baden, 1920-1945, University of North Carolina Press, 1983, Chapel Hill.

  Haffner, Sebastian, Defying Hitler, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2002, London.

  Hagen, Louis, Follow my Leader, Allan Wingate, 1951, London.

  Harrison Gordon, Cross Channel Attack: US Army in World War Two, United States Army, 1951.

  Hastings, Max, Overlord: D-Day and the Battle for Normandy, Michael Joseph, 1984, London.

  Hunt, Irmgard, On Hitler’s Mountain: My Nazi Childhood, Atlantic, 2006, London.

  Kershaw, Ian, Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris, Allen Lane, 1998, London.

  Kershaw, Ian, Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis, Allen Lane, 2000, London.

  Klemperer, Victor, I Shall Bear Witness: The Diaries of Victor Klemperer, 1933–1941, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998.

  Koch, H. W., The Hitler Youth: Origins and Development, 1922–1945, Macdonald & James, 1975, London.

  Laharie, Claude, Le Camp de Gurs: 1939–1945, Infocomp, 1985, Pau.

  Lower, Wendy, Nazi Empire Building and the Holocaust in the Ukraine, University of North Carolina Press, 2005, Chapel Hill.

  Mann, Thomas, Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man, Ungar, 1983, New York.

  Maschman, Melita, Account Rendered, Abelard-Schuman, 1965, London.

  Metelmann, Henry, A Hitler Youth, Caliban Books, 1997, London.

  Metelmann, Henry, Through Hell for Hitler, Patrick Stephens, 1990, Wellingborough.

  Middlebrook, Martin and Everitt, Chris, The Bomber Command War Diaries: An Operational Reference Book, 1939–1945, Viking, 1985, London.

  Mitcham, Samuel, Retreat to the Reich: The German Defeat in France, 1944, Stackpole Books, 2007, Mechanicsburg.

  Noakes, Jeremy and Pridham, Geoffrey, Nazism 1919–1945, (vol 1): The Rise to Power; Nazism 1919–1945 (vol 2): State, Economy and Society; Nazism 1933–1939 (vol 3): Foreign Policy, War and Racial Extermination; University of Exeter, 1983–2005, Exeter. An invaluable source, these volumes contain hundreds of translated documents and decrees from the period of the Third Reich.

  Rodi, Frithjof, Das Haus auf dem Hügel. Eine Jugend am Rande des Kraters, Königshausen and Neumann, Würzburg, 2006.

  Rubenstein, Joshua and Altman, Ilya, The Unknown Black Book: The Holocaust in the German-Occupied Soviet Territories, Indiana University Press, 2008, Indiana.

  Ruppenthal, Ronald, Utah Beach to Cherbourg, Center of Military History, United States Army, 1990, Washington.

  Schottgen, Hannelore, Wie Dunkler Samt um mein Herz: Eine Jugend in Der Nazizeit, Wartberg, 2003, Gleichen.

  Schulte, Theo, The German Army and Nazi Policies in Occupied Russia, Oxford University Press, 1989, Oxford. Shirer, William, Twentieth Century Journal: A Memoir of a Life and the Times (3 vols), Little Brown, 1984–1990, Boston.

  Smelser, Ronald and Zitelmann, Rainer, The Nazi Elite, Macmillan, 1993, Basingstoke.

  Steelman, Danny, German Prisoners of War in America: Oklahoma’s Prisoner of War Operations During World War Two, The Oklahoma State Historical Review, vol 4, 1983.

  Stephenson, J., Hitler’s Home Front: Wurttemberg under the Nazis, Hamblesdon Continuum, 2006, London.

  Wiernik, J., A Year in Treblinka. An English translation is available at: http://www.zchor.org/treblink/wiernik.htm.

  Wood, James (ed.), Army of the West: The Weekly Reports of German Army Group B from Normandy to the West Wall, Stackpole Books, 2007, Mechanicsburg. Zaloga, Stephen, D-Day 1944: Utah Beach and US Airborne Landings, Osprey, 2002, Oxford.

  Also by Giles Milton

  Nonfiction

  The Riddle and the Knight

  Nathaniel’s Nutmeg

  Big Chief Elizabeth

  Samurai William

  White Gold

  Paradise Lost: Smyrna 1922

  Fiction

  Edward Trencom’s Nose

  According to Arnold

  Children’s Books

  Zebedee’s Zoo

  Call Me Gorgeous!

  Picture Acknowledgements

  Courtesy of Wolfram Aïchele: Photo 1, Photo 2, Photo 3, Photo 4, Photo 5, Photo 6, Photo 7, Photo 8, Photo 9, Photo 10, Photo 11, Photo 12, Photo 13, Photo 17, Photo 20, Photo 18, Photo 33, Photo 25 Photo 41. AKG-Images: Photo 14/Bildarchiv Pisarek, Photo 26 Photo 27/Ullstein Bild, Photo 30, Photo 32, Photo 34/Ullstein Bild, Photo 35. Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz: Photo 29. Corbis/Bettmann: Photo 39. Getty Images: Photo 16/Time & Life Pictures, Photo 23, Photo 24, Photo 36, Photo 37, Photo 38/Time & Life Pictures. Courtesy of Peter Rodi: Photo 19. Schoeningh & Co., Luebeck: Photo 15. Stadtarchiv Pforzheim – Institut für Stadtgeschichte: Photo 21, Photo 22 Photo 28, Photo 31, Photo 40.

  Index

  The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

  Academy of Fine Art, Stuttgart

  Adenauer, Konrad

  Aïchele, Alexandra

  Aïchele, Benedikt

  Aïchele, Erwin (Wolfram’s father); after end of the War; as artist/art teacher; attitude to Hitler and the Nazis; draftings after Allied landings in Normandy; and the English; job at Fine Art School, Karlsruhe; and Kraft; at start of War; and a tramp; visit to Wolfram at Marienbad; on Wolfram’s return from prison camp; and Julius Zorn

  Aïchele family see also individual family members; flying the Nazi flag; and the Nazis in the mid-30s; and refugees; traditions; and wartime household management

  Aïchele, Gunhild (Wolfram’s sister)

  Aïchele, Marie Charlotte (Wolfram’s mother); 1942;; 1944; 1945; after end of the War; attitude to Nazism; depression; on Elsässer’s memorial service; feeding the family; and the Gestapo; and the Moroccan occupation of Eutingen; and the Pforzheim bombing; visit with Wolfram to Tiefonbronn; on Wolfram’s return from prison camp

  Aïchele, Reiner (Wolfram’s brother)

  Aïchele, Walter (Wolfram’s uncle)

  Aïchele, Wolfram: in 77th Infantry; art see under art; birth; in Brittany; call-up; childhood life, early; Crimean posting; death of maternal grandparents; diphtheria; early attitudes to Nazism and Hitler; and Hitler Youth; at Marienbad sanatorium; marriage to Barbara Rodi; move to Paris; in Normandy; and the Normandy Campaign; in Oberammergau; as prisoner of war; Reich Labour Service see Reich Labour Service; resumption of life after the war; return home from American prison camp; surrender to the Americans; teenage employment; teenage interests; training as a funker (wireless operator); transported to America; transported to England; in the Ukraine

  Alsace

  America see United States of America, World War II

  anthroposophical movement

  anti-Semitism; in 1930 Nazi political programme; deportation of Jews; German underestimation of Nazi; Goebbels’ call for the elimination/extermination of Jewry; Kristallnacht; mass executions; Nazi extermination programme; Reich Citizenship Law; Russian Jews under Hitler’s invasion; SS orders against; taught in universities and schools; Wagner and

  Aron, Gustav

  art: books; folk art; influence of maternal grandmother on Wolfram; Nazism and; Orthodox; present exhibited work of Wolfram; Wolfram’s childhood art; Wolfram’s father and; Wolfram’s post-war pursuit of; Wolfram’s teenage passion

  Audrieu

  Auschwitz

  Austria: incorporation into German Reich; Wolfram cycling in

  Babei (a Turkmen)

  Bacherer, Col. Rudolf

  Bad Wimpfen

  Baden state, Wagner and

  Bader, Franz

  Barbarossa, Frederick

  Barneville-sur-Mer

  Barth, Arthur

  Baum, Otto

  BBC

  Becher, Otto; and R
ust

  Becker, August

  Becker, Werner

  Beckmann, Max

  Beer Hall Putsch

  Bergen-Belsen extermination camp

  Berlin; Olympic Games

  Bible

  Bloch, Margot

  Boedicker, Herr, Wolfram’s grandfather

  Boedicker, Johanna, Wolfram’s grandmother

  Boedicker, Marie Charlotte see Aïchele, Marie Charlotte

  book burning

  Brenner, Walter

  Brest-Litovsk

  Briquebec

  Britain: British requirements for settlers in Palestine; declaration of war on Germany; German pre-war attitudes to the British; RAF see Royal Air Force

  Brittany

  brownshirts see SA

  Brüning, Heinrich

  Bulge, Battle of the

  Caen

  Chamberlain, Neville

  Cherbourg; Fortress

  Cherson

  Christianity: Christian community of Pforzheim and the Nazis; closure of churches under Stalin; Nazi assault on Christian teaching; Orthodoxy; paganising/replacement of Christian festivals

  Christmas traditions

  Clara (maid)

  Communism; and Hitler; and the Nazis

  Cotentin peninsular

  Coutances

  Crimea

  D-Day

  Dachau concentration camp

  Danzig

  Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State

  Decree on Demolitions on Reich Territory (Nero Decree)

  democracy

  Demolitions on Reich Territory, Decree on (Nero Decree)

  Dimbleby, Richard

  divorce, on racial grounds

  Dix, Otto

  Dollman, Gen. Friedrich

  Donitz, Admiral Karl

  Dorothea, Sister

  Dresden; air raid

  Driffield

  Ducy

  Eberstadt

  Ebert, Friedrich

  educational propaganda

  Elsässer, Rolf

  Emsheimer, Blondine

  ethnic cleansing see also Nazism: extermination programme

  Ettal kloster

  Ettal, Mount

  Eutingen: American occupation; blowing up of bridge; French prisoners of war; Hitler Youth branch; Hitler’s visit to; murder of a British pilot; Nazi Party in; and the Nazi revolution; occupation of; and the start of war; surroundings; Tunisian occupation of; villa; village

  Falley, Gen. Wilhelm

  farms, Swabian

  Feodosia

  flags

  folk art

  Frank, Hans

  Freemasonry; Reuchlin Masonic lodge

  French prisoners of war

  Frey, Adolf

  German art see also art

  German economy

  German Infantry: 1st Battalion, 1050th Infantry Unit; 77th Division

  German patriotism

  German prisoners of war: and the end of the war; in France; French post-war plans for using; Peter Rodi; Wolfram and his comrades

  German Sixth Army

  German war casualties (World War II); Pforzheim bombing

  Germanic traditions

  Gestapo: 1937; deportation of Jews; and the Rodis; and Wolfram’s mother

  ghetto, Pforzheim

  Glasser, German officer

  Gleiwitz

  Goebbels, Joseph; presentation of Kristallnacht; Propaganda Ministry

  Goering, Hermann

  Goesser (a prisoner of war)

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von

  Göppert, Herr (prisoner of war)

  Gradenwitz, Herr

  Gretel (friend of the Haas family)

  Gruber, Camp

  Guggenheim family

  Gurs, Camp

  Haas, Frau

  Haas, Hannelore see Schottgen, Hannelore

  Haas, Herr

  Halder, Fritz

  Hallig island

  harvest festivals

  Hebel, Mr 231

  ‘Heil Hitler’ salute

  Hennecke, Admiral Walter

  Hess, Rudolf

  Heydrich, Reinhard

  Hicks, Sgt Doug

  Hillenbrandt, Dr

  Himmler, Heinrich

  Hindenburg, Paul Ludwig von

  history, Nazi version of

  Hitler, Adolf; 1930 election; 1933 election; adulation of; and the Allied Normandy Campaign; and art; assassination attempt; assurances of avoiding war; and Austria’s incorporation into German Reich; birthday; and Chamberlain; and the Communists; Crimean campaign see also Crimea; cult of the Führer; death; decree on Hitler Youth; ‘Heil Hitler’ salute; invasion of Soviet Union; lebensborn (racial breeding programme); in mid-1930s; monologues; Nero Decree; and the Olympic Games; order of mass executions; and the outbreak of war; and Poland; Reich Citizenship Law; rise to chancellorship; signing of Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State; SS orders against enemies of Nazism; Sudetenland crisis; visit to Pforzheim; War advances

  Hitler Youth

  Hoch, Frau

  Ilse (maid)

  Issel, August

  Jahnke, Lt. Arthur

  Jews: anti-Semitism see anti-Semitism; deportations; emigration to Palestine; Jewish immigrants in England; law concerning declaration of Jewish origins; of Pforzheim; Reich Citizenship Law; Russian; yellow stars

  Karlsruhe; court; Fine Art School; Organisation I

  Katz, Adoph

  Kerch

  Kiev

  Knab, Hans

  Kraft, Herbert

  Krakow

  Kristallnacht

  Kuppenheim, Lilly

  Kuppenheim, Rudolf

  Kursk, Battle of

  Lang, Werner

  Lattre de Tassigny, Jean de

  Le Havre

  Le Vretot

  League of German Girls

  lebensborn (racial breeding programme)

  Lehman, Frau (cleaning lady)

  Lemberg (Lvov)

  Leningrad

  Lieutenant W.

  Lubbe, Marinus van der

  Lvov (Lemberg)

  Maginot Line

  Malicious Gossip Law

  Mann, Thomas

  Marienbad

  marriage legislation, Reich Citizenship Law

  Marshall Plan

  Mayer, Rupert

  Melchior, ‘Captain Melchior’

  Miggel, Erwin

  Milton, Madeleine

  Minsk

  Moroccan occupation of Eutingen

  Moscow

  Moser, Lusas

  Moses, Dr

  Munich Agreement

  Münsingen

  Mussolini, Benito

  National Socialist Party see Nazis Nazism see also individual Nazis: 1928 election; 1930 election; 1930 political programme; 1933 election; American action against Nazis after the war; anti-Semitism see anti-Semitism; assault on Bible and Christian teaching; and Austria’s incorporation into German Reich; brownshirts see SA; and Communism; criminalisation of non-participation; and the culture of secrecy; death squads; early days of Nazi Party; extermination programme; flag; and German art; and Germanic traditions; Gestapo see Gestapo; Hitler Youth; ideology; lebensborn programme; Malicious Gossip Law; Nazi Party in Eutingen; Nazi Party in Pforzheim; Night of the Long Knives; propaganda see propaganda, Nazi; public holidays and festivities; Reich Citizenship Law; renaming of streets and schools; SA see SA (Sturmabteilung, brownshirts); SS see SS (Schutzstaffel); torchlit parades

  Nero Decree

  New York

  Niederbayern

  Night of the Long Knives

  Nikolaev

  Nikolaus, St

  Normandy; Campaign

  Nuremberg trials

  Oberammergau

  Oeschelbronn

  Ohlendorf, Otto

  Olympic Games

  Omaha Beach

  Operation Uranus

  Orthodoxy

  Otto the Gre
at

  pagan festivals

  Papen, Franz von

  Paris

  patriotism

  Paulus, Gen. Friedrich Wilhelm von

  Peenemunde

  Pforzheim; after Allied landings in Normandy; after end of the War; Allied advance on; Allied arrival in; bombing and aftermath; burning of books by Hitler Youth; Christian community of; ghetto; Hitler’s visit to; Jewish community; Kristallnacht; Nazi Party in; Nazi renaming of streets and schools; and the Nero Decree; picture house; public morale; surroundings; and the vote on Austria’s incorporation into German Reich; War years

  Pforzheimer Anzeiger

  Pforzheimer Rundschau

  Philip, Hulde

  Poland; SS orders against Poles

  Probst, Christoph

  propaganda, American

  propaganda, Nazi; in German education; Goebbels’ Propaganda Ministry

  public holidays and festivities

  race: anti-Semitism see anti-Semitism; Nazi ideology

  RAF see Royal Air Force

  rationing

  Reich Citizenship Law

  Reich Labour Service; medical exam for; Niederbayern camp; Wolfram’s Crimean posting

  religious festivals

  reparation payments

  Reuchlin Masonic lodge

  Riemenschneider, Tilman

  Ritzy (a funker)

  Rodi, Barbara

  Rodi, Ev-Marie

  Rodi family see also individual family members; American uncles; on Hitler’s birthday; and the Pforzheim bombing

  Rodi, Frithjof

  Rodi, Gisela

  Rodi, Martha Luise; after end of the War; and the Allied arrival in Pforzheim; and the Gestapo; and the Pforzheim bombing

  Rodi, Max; and the Pforzheim bombing

  Rodi, Peter; conscription into infantry; drafting into home defence; escape from prison of war camp; escape plans; as prisoner of war; reported missing in action

  Röhm, Ernst

  Romanian Third Army

  Rommel, Erwin

  Rothfuss, Werner

  Rothschilds

  Royal Air Force; Pforzheim bombing see also Pforzheim: bombing and aftermath

  Rublev, Andrei

  Rundstedt, Gerd von

  Rust, Bernhard

  SA (Sturmabteilung, brownshirts)

  St Maria Magdalena church, Tiefonbronn