67 Wriothesley

  68 Clifford. Sander also describes Anne Boleyn finding Jane Seymour sitting on Henry’s knee.

  69 George Wyatt

  70 Clifford

  71 SC

  72 SC; Wriothesley

  73 LP

  74 Ibid

  75 George Wyatt

  76 LP

  77 LP; SC

  78 LP

  79 Fraser

  CHAPTER 2: THE SCANDAL OF CHRISTENDOM

  1 Loades: Tragical History

  2 Burnet

  3 LP

  4 I ves

  5 LP

  6 SC

  7 George Wyatt

  8 Lofts

  9 Loades: Mary Tudor

  10 LP

  11 Loades: Mary Tudor

  12 LP

  13 Ibid

  14 SC

  15 LP

  16 Loades: Mary Tudor; Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens

  17 Ives and Dowling, for example

  18 LP

  19 Ibid

  20 For Mary Tudor, the future Mary I, see the biographies by Loades, Prescott, and Erickson.

  21 Warnicke: “Fall”

  22 Clifford

  23 LP; Williams: Henry VIII and His Court; Warnicke: “Fall”

  24 Lisle Letters; LP; Ives

  25 Fuller: The Spear and the Spindle

  26 SC; Starkey: Six Wives

  27 Complete Peerage

  28 SC

  29 Porter; Wilson: Holbein

  30 LP

  31 SC

  32 Ibid

  33 Ibid

  34 Ibid

  35 Ibid

  36 LP

  37 Ibid

  38 SC; Starkey: Six Wives

  39 SC

  40 Ibid

  41 Erickson: Bloody Mary

  42 LP

  43 Scarisbrick

  44 SC; LP

  45 SC

  46 Porter

  47 Ives

  48 Friedmann; Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens

  49 VC

  50 SC

  51 Il successo de la Morte della Regina

  52 SC; LP. The dispatches of Chapuys and Jean de Dinteville, the French ambassador, attest to Anne Boleyn’s unpopularity and her diminishing power.

  53 Cited by Bernard

  54 LP

  55 Ibid

  56 Chronicle of King Henry VIII

  57 State Papers

  58 LP; Bernard

  59 Carles

  60 LP

  61 VC; Vergil

  62 SC

  63 SC

  64 LP; SC

  65 Ibid

  66 LP

  67 Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris

  68 SC

  69 LP

  70 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens

  71 SC

  72 Cited by Mathew

  73 SC

  74 Ibid

  75 Ibid

  76 Cavendish: Metrical Visions

  77 Bernard

  78 SC

  79 Ibid

  80 Starkey: Six Wives

  81 SC

  CHAPTER 3: THE FRAILTY OF HUMAN AFFAIRS

  1 LP

  2 This report is dated February 25, but must have been written earlier, as Anne was at York Place by February 24.

  3 Ives

  4 LP

  5 Statutes of the Realm

  6 LP

  7 Ibid

  8 Ibid

  9 Clifford

  10 SC; Clifford

  11 LP

  12 Ibid

  13 Latymer

  14 LP

  15 LP; Chronicle of King Henry VIII

  16 LP

  17 SC; Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens

  18 LP

  19 Ibid

  20 Ibid

  21 LP; SC

  22 LP

  23 Wilson: In the Lion’s Court

  24 Warnicke: “Fall;” Bush; Elton: “The Good Duke”

  25 Warnicke: “Fall;” Seymour; Clifford; SC

  26 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens

  27 LP

  28 Prescott

  29 Churchill

  30 Ives; LP

  31 SC; LP

  32 Childs

  33 SC; LP

  34 Fraser

  35 Warnicke

  36 LP

  37 Hamer

  38 Ives; Gristwood; Porter

  39 LP

  40 Several historians give the date of this interview as April 1, but in his report of it, dated that day, Chapuys wrote that he had seen Cromwell the evening before.

  41 Warnicke: “Fall”

  42 LP

  43 SC

  44 Friedmann

  45 LP

  46 Lisle Letters; LP; Ives

  47 Clifford

  48 LP

  49 Henry VIII: A European Court in England

  50 State Papers

  51 Wilson: Uncrowned Kings; Wilson: In the Lion’s Court; Hamer; Bernard: “Anne Boleyn’s Religion”

  52 LP

  53 Ibid

  54 Hamer; Ives

  55 Latymer

  56 LP

  57 Latymer; Ives

  58 LP; Ives

  59 LP

  60 Ibid

  61 Froude: Divorce

  62 LP

  63 Ives

  64 LP

  65 Ibid

  66 LP; Friedmann

  67 LP

  68 SC

  69 LP

  70 Ibid

  71 Elton: Tudor Revolution

  72 Ridley: Henry VIII

  73 LP

  74 Ibid

  75 SC

  76 LP

  77 Ibid

  78 Ridley: Henry VIII

  79 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens; Ives

  80 LP

  81 SC

  82 LP

  83 Friedmann

  84 LP. Cromwell was to confide this to Chapuys on June 6.

  85 LP; SC

  86 LP

  87 SC

  CHAPTER 4: PLOTTING THE AFFAIR

  1 Loades: Chronicles

  2 LP

  3 Bagley

  4 For the theory that Cromwell plotted Anne Boleyn’s fall, see Ives.

  5 Porter

  6 Waldman

  7 Froude: Divorce

  8 Mathew

  9 Loach

  10 Wilson: In the Lion’s Court

  11 Friedmann

  12 Wilson: Tower

  13 Friedmann

  14 Rivals in Power

  15 Ives; Loades: Mary Tudor

  16 Starkey: Six Wives

  17 Ives

  18 Loades: Mary Tudor

  19 Ives; Gristwood

  20 Sergeant

  21 LP

  22 Ibid

  23 Strype

  24 Ives

  25 Williams: Henry VIII and His Court

  26 LP

  27 Froude: Divorce

  28 Friedmann; Froude: Divorce

  29 Spelman

  30 LP

  31 The Beauforts were the descendants of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and fourth son of Edward III, by his mistress (later his third wife) Katherine Swynford. Gaunt’s great-granddaughter, Margaret Beaufort, was Henry VIII’s grandmother.

  Erickson (Anne Boleyn) suggests it may not have been the wife of the second Earl of Worcester who laid this evidence, but the widow of the first earl, Eleanor Sutton. But she had remarried, to Lord Leonard Grey, Viscount Grane, so would then have been known as the Lady Grane or the Lady Grey, following the style adopted by her husband, who did not use his Irish title. She was, anyway, residing with him in Ireland at this time.

  32 It was engraved by Francis Sandford, the seventeenth-century herald and genealogist, and restored by the ninth Duke of Beaufort in 1898.

  33 LP

  34 Starkey: Six Wives

  35 LP

  36 Ibid

  37 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”

  38 Bernard: “Fall;” Ives: “Fall Reconsidered.” I can find no contemporary evide
nce to support claims on the Internet that the countess was Henry’s mistress. If that were true, Elizabeth Browne’s connection with Henry might explain her hostility toward the Queen, who might possibly have supplanted her in Henry’s affections. It is more likely, though, that Elizabeth had bowed to pressure from her relatives to betray Anne, and was worried about that hundred pounds she had borrowed without her husband’s knowledge.

  39 Warnicke: “Sexual Heresy”

  40 LP

  41 LP; www.british-history.ac.uk

  42 Warnicke

  43 Ives

  44 LP; Martienssen

  45 LP

  46 Milherve; Ives: “Faction”

  47 LP

  48 Ives: “Faction”

  49 Warnicke

  50 Spelman. LP has this incorrectly catalogued under 1531. Sir John Spelman’s account is in Hargrave ms. 388, ff.187, 187v. Burnet, who had access to Spelman’s Commonplace Book, and quoted him incorrectly, asserted that this page had been torn off and was incomplete, but that is not the case (see Ives: “Faction,” and Chapter 11 below).

  51 Ives: “Faction”

  52 Sergeant; Ives; Warnicke

  53 Cotton manuscript Vespasian F.XIII, f.198; also in LP

  54 Ives

  55 Fox

  56 Privy Purse Expenses

  57 LP; Ives

  58 LP

  59 Roper

  60 Sir William Kingston’s letters in LP

  61 Thomas

  62 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”

  63 Statutes of the Realm

  64 LP

  65 Warnicke: “Fall;” Bush

  66 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens

  67 LP

  68 SC

  69 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens

  70 Ibid

  71 LP

  72 Carles

  73 Friedmann

  74 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens

  75 Ives

  76 Ridley: Henry VIII

  77 Ibid

  78 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”

  79 Ibid

  80 Warnicke

  81 Neale: Elizabeth

  82 LP

  83 Murphy

  84 LP

  85 Ibid

  86 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”

  87 Wriothesley. I am indebted to Glen Lucas for his translation of this and other documents in the Baga de Secretis.

  88 Bernard

  89 Ives

  90 Fox

  91 Friedmann

  92 Baga de Secretis

  93 Friedmann

  94 Baga de Secretis

  95 Miller; Register of the Most Noble Order of the Garter

  96 Childs

  97 LP

  98 Baga de Secretis; Fox

  99 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”

  100 Ives

  101 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”

  102 Bernard

  103 LP; Starkey: Six Wives

  104 State Papers; SC; LP

  105 I myself suggested that Anne might have been pregnant at this time, in my book Henry VIII: King and Court (2001), but after discussing the matter with John Guy, and reading the considered observations of David Starkey, I have been readily persuaded that I was probably wrong.

  106 SC

  107 LP

  108 Denny: Anne Boleyn

  109 Gristwood

  110 Strype

  111 LP

  112 Wilson: Uncrowned Kings

  113 LP

  114 Ibid

  115 Denny: Anne Boleyn

  116 LP; SC

  117 LP

  118 Ibid

  119 Ibid

  120 Ives: “Faction”

  121 LP

  122 LP; Warnicke: “Fall”

  123 LP; Lisle Letters

  CHAPTER 5: UNLAWFUL LECHERY

  1 Aless

  2 LP

  3 SC

  4 LP

  5 Sergeant

  6 Cavendish: Wolsey; Hall

  7 Cavendish: Metrical Visions

  8 Preface to Gascoigne, by Richard Smith

  9 LP

  10 Clark

  11 Cavendish: Metrical Visions

  12 Warnicke

  13 Ibid

  14 Chronicle of Calais

  15 Warnicke

  16 Cited by Starkey: Reign of Henry VIII

  17 Carles

  18 Cavendish: Metrical Visions

  19 Williams: Henry VIII and His Court; Friedmann

  20 Spelman

  21 LP

  22 Cavendish: Metrical Visions

  23 Ibid

  24 Privy Purse Expenses; Cavendish: Metrical Visions

  25 Friedmann

  26 Cavendish: Metrical Visions

  27 Privy Purse Expenses; Carles

  28 LP

  29 Friedmann

  30 Cavendish: Metrical Visions

  31 Carles

  32 National Archives, Exchequer: Augmentation Office records, Ancient Deeds Series B, E326

  33 LP

  34 LP; SC

  35 LP

  36 Ibid

  37 Cavendish: Metrical Visions

  38 Murphy

  39 Ives: “Faction;” Childs

  40 SC; Letters and Accounts of William Brereton

  41 Cavendish: Metrical Visions

  42 LP

  43 Letters and Accounts of William Brereton; Murphy

  44 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”

  45 LP

  46 Constantine; Murphy; Ives

  47 Cavendish: Metrical Visions

  48 Gwyn; LP; Lancashire and Cheshire Cases in the Court of Star Chamber

  49 Murphy; Ives: “Court and County Palatine”

  50 Murphy

  51 Ibid

  52 Warnicke

  53 Clifford