“ ‘in armed neutrality’ ” Woodrow Wilson, “Second Inaugural Address,” (speech, Washington, D.C., March 5, 1917) Bartleby.com, http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres45.html.
“More than three hundred thousand were killed or injured” “WWI Casualty and Death Tables,” PBS, accessed May 25, 2016, https://www.pbs.org/greatwar/resources/casdeath_pop.html.
“ ‘I could not bear him’ ” Thomas Fleming, The Illusion of Victory: Americans in World War I (New York: Basic Books, 2004), p. 324.
“ ‘hanged on gibbets as high as heaven’ ” “Sherman Makes ‘Em Laugh,” The Indianapolis News, March 4, 1919. p. 26., https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=INN19190304-01.1.26
“ ‘separated from his human kind forever’ ” The New York Times Current History: The European War (New York: The New York Times Company, 1919), p. 88.
“the sordid chauvinism, elitism, and bigotry” Patrick Howley, “Flashback: Hillary Clinton Receives Woodrow Wilson Award,” Breitbart, November 20, 2015, http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/11/20/flashback-hillary-clinton-receives-woodrow-wilson-award/.
“banned ‘the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors’ ” U.S. Const. amend. XVIII (repealed 1933), http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_amendments_11-27.html#18.
CHAPTER 3: SECOND WAVE: FDR, WARTIME PROGRESSIVE
“our Commander-in-Chief, Woodrow Wilson” Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Address Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago,” (speech, Chicago, July 2, 1932), The American Presidency Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=75174.
“his rightful office” Jonathan Alter, The Defining Moment: FDR’s Hundred-Day Triumph of Hope (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007).
“any new problem of democracy” Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous with Destiny (New York: Back Bay Books, 1991).
“there is no vision the people perish” Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous with Destiny (New York: Back Bay Books, 1991).
“it required action” Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous with Destiny (New York: Back Bay Books, 1991).
“tilted in his favor” Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous with Destiny (New York: Back Bay Books, 1991).
“invaded by a foreign foe” Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous with Destiny (New York: Back Bay Books, 1991).
“the crowd’s raucous reaction a bit terrifying” Michael Waldman, My Fellow Americans (Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks Mediafusion, 2010), p. 96.
“to assume dictatorial power” Michael Waldman, My Fellow Americans (Naperville, IL Sourcebooks Mediafusion, 2010), p. 96.
“ ‘Never let a serious crisis go to waste’ ” “Rahm Emanuel ‘Never Let a Good Crisis Go to Waste,’ ” YouTube video, 0.12, from an appearance on The Wall Street Journal’s 2008 Shaping the New Agenda, posted by Ron Grant, Oct 30, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pb-YuhFWCr4.
“ ‘changing and growing social order’ ” Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Commonwealth Club Address,” (speech, San Francisco, September 23, 1932), The Heritage Foundation, http://www.heritage.org/initiatives/first-principles/primary-sources/fdrs-commonwealth-club-address.
“ ‘side by side with economic plutocracy’ ” David M. Kennedy, The American People in the Great Depression: Freedom from Fear, Part One (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).
“who’s who of other progressives” Raymond Moley, After Seven Years (New York: Harper & Brothers, 2006), p. 14.
“ ‘the greatest number of our citizens’ ” Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Address Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago,” (speech, Chicago, July 2, 1932), The American Presidency Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=75174.
“Before the 1930s, liberalism hadn’t been a term” Charles R. Kesler, I Am the Change: Barack Obama and the Future of Liberalism (New York: Broadside Books, 2012), p. 111.
“a new word for Republicans: conservatives” Charles R. Kesler, I Am the Change: Barack Obama and the Future of Liberalism (New York: Broadside Books, 2012).
“Tory, vaguely monarchical and fascist” Charles R. Kesler, I Am the Change: Barack Obama and the Future of Liberalism (New York: Broadside Books, 2012), p. 113.
“ ‘be the theory of the Democratic Party’ ” Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Address Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago,” (speech, Chicago, July 2, 1932), The American Presidency Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=75174.
“ ‘the individual and freedom change with time’ ” John Dewey, The Later Works of John Dewey, Volume 11, 1925–1953, ed. Jo Ann Boydston (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2008), pp. 291–92.
“would require enlightened experimentation” John Dewey, “The Future of Liberalism,” (speech to the America Philosophical Association, Chicago, December 28, 1934), The Heritage Foundation, http://www.heritage.org/initiatives/first-principles/primary-sources/john-dewey-on-liberalisms-future.
“ ‘persistent experimentation’ ” Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Address at Oglethorpe University,” (speech, Brookhaven, GA, May 22, 1932), The American Presidency Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=88410.
“ ‘the Age of the Professors’ ” John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, (Greenwich, CT: The Devin-Adair Publishing Company, 1948), p. 34, https://mises.org/library/roosevelt-myth.
“risen to a peak of more than twenty-eight percent” Robert P. Murphy, The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Great Depression and the New Deal (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2009), p. 42.
“the lowest it would ever get during the Great Depression” Andrew Glass, “Dow Jones falls to its lowest point, July 8, 1932,” Politico, July 8, 2013, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/07/this-day-in-politics-july-8-1932-093787.
“the economy healed on its own” Benjamin Weingarten, “The story of America’s last ‘governmentally unmedicated’ depression that they never taught you in school,” TheBlaze, November 11, 2014, http://www.theblaze.com/blog/2014/11/11/the-story-of-americas-last-governmentally-unmedicated-depression-that-they-never-taught-you-in-school/.
“ ‘enlightened administration . . . has come’ ” Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Commonwealth Club Address,” (speech, San Francisco, September 23, 1932), The Heritage Foundation, http://www.heritage.org/initiatives/first-principles/primary-sources/fdrs-commonwealth-club-address.
“role of repressive central government” Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Commonwealth Club Address,” (speech, San Francisco, September 23, 1932), The Heritage Foundation, http://www.heritage.org/initiatives/first-principles/primary-sources/fdrs-commonwealth-club-address.
“under seven hundred competition-killing industrial codes” Jim Powell, FDR’s Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression (New York: Crown, 2003), p. 77.
“fixed wages and controlled prices” Jim Powell, “Government Jobs Don’t Cure Depression,” National Review, March 23, 2009, http://www.nationalreview.com/article/227121/government-jobs-dont-cure-depression-jim-powell.
“NRA released 2,998 administrative orders” Jim Powell, FDR’s Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression (New York: Crown, 2003), pp. 77, 162.
“ ‘is the Blue Eagle’ ” John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, (Greenwich, CT: The Devin-Adair Publishing Company, 1948), p. 43, https://mises.org/library/roosevelt-myth.
“more than two thousand strikes during FDR’s first term” John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, (Greenwich, CT: The Devin-Adair Publishing Company, 1948), p. 86, https://mises.org/library/roosevelt-myth.
“dared so much as sew pants after dark” John T. Flynn,
The Roosevelt Myth, (Greenwich, CT: The Devin-Adair Publishing Company, 1948), p. 45, https://mises.org/library/roosevelt-myth.
“five hundred thousand black workers lost their jobs” Jim Powell, FDR’s Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression (New York: Crown, 2003), pp. 117–19.
“took their case to the Supreme Court” David Leonhardt, “No Free Lunch,” review of The Forgotten Man: A New History of the Great Depression, by Amity Shlaes, The New York Times Book Review, August 26, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/books/review/Leonhardt-t.html?_r=1.
“the president could not legislate from the Oval Office” Jim Powell, FDR’s Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression (New York: Crown, 2003), p. 164.
“burying jars of money” Paul Krugman, “Time for Bottles in Coal Mines,” The New York Times, April 14, 2009, http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/14/time-for-bottles-in-coal-mines/?_r=0.
“increased WPA expenditures more than three thousand percent” Robert P. Murphy, The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Great Depression and the New Deal (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2009), pp. 142–43.
“ ‘a mere subsistence diet’ ” John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, (Greenwich, CT: The Devin-Adair Publishing Company, 1948), p. 49.
“ ‘the depression would be cured’ ” Jim Powell, FDR’s Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression (New York: Crown, 2003), p. 117.
“FDR be given control over the currency” Robert P. Murphy, The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Great Depression and the New Deal (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2009), p. 115.
“FDR could set the price himself” Jim Powell, FDR’s Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression (New York: Crown, 2003), pp. 71–72.
“the ‘court-packing’ scheme” “Roosevelt Announces ‘Court Packing’ Plan,” This Day in History (blog), History.com, February 5, 2010, http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roosevelt-announces-court-packing-plan.
“modern conditions demanded action” Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Fireside Chat 9: On ‘Court Packing’ (March 9, 1937),” The Miller Center, accessed May 26, 2016, http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/speech-3309.
“shift in public opinion against FDR” Larry DeWitt, The United States Social Security Agency, “The 1937 Supreme Court Rulings on the Social Security Act,” ssa.gov, accessed May 26, 2016, https://www.ssa.gov/history/court.html.
“shaping decisions for decades to come” John G. Roberts, Jr., “Remarks of the Chief Justice: Symposium on Judicial Independence,” (remarks, University of Richmond T.C. Williams School of Law, March 21, 2003), SupremeCourt.gov, http://www.supremecourt.gov/publicinfo/speeches/sp_03-21-03.html.
“restricted all ‘partisan’ broadcasts” Thomas West, “The Liberal Assault on Freedom of Speech,” Imprimis 33, no. 1 (January 2004), http://imprimis.hillsdale.edu/the-liberal-assault-on-freedom-of-speech/.
“dramatically increased unemployment” Thomas J. DiLorenzo, “The New Deal Debunked (Again),” Mises Institute, September 27, 2004, https://mises.org/library/new-deal-debunked-again.
“to fourteen million from less than three million” “Franklin D. Roosevelt: The American Franchise,” The Miller Center, University of Virginia, accessed May 26, 2016, http://millercenter.org/president/biography/fdroosevelt-the-american-franchise.
“most of them loyal FDR Democrats” “Franklin D. Roosevelt: Campaigns and Elections,” The Miller Center, University of Virginia, accessed May 26, 2016, http://millercenter.org/president/biography/fdroosevelt-campaigns-and-elections.
“to expand and create new jobs” Jim Powell, FDR’s Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression (New York: Crown, 2003), pp. 106–7.
“actually to prevent frauds” Jim Powell, FDR’s Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression (New York: Crown, 2003), pp. 109–10.
“but paid more for them” Jim Powell, FDR’s Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression (New York: Crown, 2003), pp. 110–11.
“during the 1932 presidential race” William J. Bennett, America: The Last Best Hope (Volume 2), (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 2006), https://ronloneysbooks.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/america-the-last-best-hope-volume-2-by-william-j-bennett.pdf.
“eighty-two hundred pages by the end of it” Jason Russell, “Look at How Many Pages Are in the Federal Tax Code,” The Washington Examiner, April 5, 2015, http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/look-at-how-many-pages-are-in-the-federal-tax-code/article/2563032.
“annual unemployment rate averaged 18.6 percent” Robert P. Murphy, The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Great Depression and the New Deal (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2009), pp. 99–100.
“did not return back to 1929 levels until 1941” Robert P. Murphy, The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Great Depression and the New Deal (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2009), pp. 110–11.
“Business was paralyzed as a result” Robert Higgs, “Regime Uncertainty: Why the Great Depression Lasted So Long and Why Prosperity Resumed After the War,” The Independent Review 1, no. 4, Spring 1997, https://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_01_4_higgs.pdf.
“An estimated four million workers lost their jobs” David B. Woolner, “Repeating Our Mistakes: The ‘Roosevelt Recession’ and the Danger of Austerity,” The Roosevelt Institute, July 7, 2010, http://rooseveltinstitute.org/repeating-our-mistakes-roosevelt-recession-and-danger-austerity/.
“ ‘to make a Hell of earth’ ” C. S. Lewis, God in the Dock: Essays on Theology, ed., Walter Hooper (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1970).
“ ‘And an enormous debt to boot’ ” Burton W. Folsom, New Deal Or Raw Deal?: How FDR’s Economic Legacy Has Damaged America, (New York: Threshold Editions, 2009), p. 144.
“the thing to get him there” John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, (Greenwich, CT: The Devin-Adair Publishing Company, 1948), p. 281.
“ ‘the downfall of New York in towers of flames’ ” Eike Frenzel, “Operation Pastorius: Hitler’s Unfulfilled Dream of a New York in Flames,” Der Spiegel, September 16, 2010, http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/operation-pastorius-hitler-s-unfulfilled-dream-of-a-new-york-in-flames-a-716753-2.html.
“ ‘including our own’ ” Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Address at the Annual Dinner of White House Correspondents’ Association,” (speech, Washington, D.C., March 15, 1941), The American Presidency Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=16089.
“quantity of fabrics used in dresses” Burton W. Folsom Jr. and Anita Folsom, FDR Goes to War: How Expanded Executive Power, Spiraling National Debt, and Restricted Civil Liberties Shaped Wartime America (New York: Threshold Editions, 2011), p. 119.
“which procured raw materials” John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, (Greenwich, CT: The Devin-Adair Publishing Company, 1948), p. 304.
“spent $1.2 billion during the war” John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, (Greenwich, CT: The Devin-Adair Publishing Company,1948), pp. 304–6.
“the rubber from Haiti cost $546 per pound” Burton W. Folsom Jr. and Anita Folsom, FDR Goes to War: How Expanded Executive Power, Spiraling National Debt, and Restricted Civil Liberties Shaped Wartime America (New York: Threshold Editions, 2011), p. 162.
“ ‘It all reminds me of my homeland’ ” Anne Applebaum, “Gulag: Understanding the Magnitude of What Happened,” The Heritage Foundation, October 16, 2003, http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/gulag-understanding-the-magnitude-of-what-happened.
“very understanding with people” Henry A. Wallace, Soviet Asia Mission (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1946), p. 82.
“Wallace’s welcoming committee” Vadim J. Birstein, “Three Days in ‘Auschwitz Without Gas Chambers’: Henry A. Wallace’s Visit to Magadan in 1944,” The Wilson Center, April 30, 2012, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/three-days-ausc
hwitz-without-gas-chambers-henry-wallaces-visit-to-magadan-1944.
“ ‘were razed in a single night’ ” Elinor Lipper, Eleven Years in Soviet Prison Camps (Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1951).
“ ‘hundreds of thousands of the damned’ ” Elinor Lipper, Eleven Years in Soviet Prison Camps (Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1951).
“Thirty-five BEW Reds” John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, (Greenwich, CT: The Devin-Adair Publishing Company, 1948), pp. 306–9
“take action to break up strikes” Burton W. Folsom Jr. and Anita Folsom, FDR Goes to War: How Expanded Executive Power, Spiraling National Debt, and Restricted Civil Liberties Shaped Wartime America (New York: Threshold Editions, 2011), p. 121.
“mass shortages of basic goods” Burton W. Folsom Jr. and Anita Folsom, FDR Goes to War: How Expanded Executive Power, Spiraling National Debt, and Restricted Civil Liberties Shaped Wartime America (New York: Threshold Editions, 2011), p. 140.
“thirteen million man-days of labor lost” Burton W. Folsom Jr. and Anita Folsom, FDR Goes to War: How Expanded Executive Power, Spiraling National Debt, and Restricted Civil Liberties Shaped Wartime America (New York: Threshold Editions, 2011), p. 159.
“illegal black-market transactions” Burton W. Folsom Jr. and Anita Folsom, FDR Goes to War: How Expanded Executive Power, Spiraling National Debt, and Restricted Civil Liberties Shaped Wartime America (New York: Threshold Editions, 2011), p. 166.
“in the run-up to the 1944 election” John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, (Greenwich, CT: The Devin-Adair Publishing Company, 1948), pp. 322–26.
“Roosevelt was often suppressed” John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, (Greenwich, CT: The Devin-Adair Publishing Company, 1948), p. 103.
“ ‘Taxes to beat the Axis’ ” Burton W. Folsom Jr. and Anita Folsom, FDR Goes to War: How Expanded Executive Power, Spiraling National Debt, and Restricted Civil Liberties Shaped Wartime America (New York: Threshold Editions, 2011), pp. 189–90.
“even ‘political friends’ ” Burton W. Folsom Jr. and Anita Folsom, FDR Goes to War: How Expanded Executive Power, Spiraling National Debt, and Restricted Civil Liberties Shaped Wartime America (New York: Threshold Editions, 2011), p. 212.