Page 33 of Silent Spring


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  Hueper, W. C., "Causal and Preventive Aspects of Environmental Cancer," Minnesota Med., Vol. 39 (Jan. 1956), pp. 5–11, 22.

  Page 227

  "Estimated Numbers of Deaths and Death Rates for Selected Causes: United States," Annual Summary for 1960, Pt. 2, Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 9, No. 13 (July 28, 1961), Table 3.

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  Robert Cushman Murphy et al. v. Ezra Taft Benson et al. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York, Oct. 1959, Civ. No. 17610. Testimony of Dr. Malcolm M. Hargraves.

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  Hargraves, Malcolm M., "Chemical Pesticides and Conservation Problems," address to 23rd Annual Conv. Natl. Wildlife Fed. (Feb. 27, 1959). Mimeo.

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  ___, and D. G. Hanlon, "Leukemia and Lymphoma—Environmental Diseases?" paper presented at Internatl. Congress of Hematology, Japan, Sept. 1960. Mimeo.

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  Wright, C., et al., "Agranulocytosis Occurring after Exposure to a DDT Pyrethrum Aerosol Bomb," Am. Jour. Med., Vol. 1 (1946), pp. 562–67.

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  Jedlicka, V., "Paramyeloblastic: Leukemia Appearing Simultaneously in Two Blood Cousins after Simultaneous Contact with Gammexane (Hexachlorcyclohexane)," Acta Med. Scand., Vol. 161 (1958), pp. 447–51.

  Pages 229–30

  Friberg, L., and J. Martensson, "Case of Panmyelopthisis after Exposure to Chlorophenothane and Benzene Hexachloride," (A.M.A.) Archives Indus. Hygiene and Occupat. Med., Vol. 8 (1953), No. 2, pp. 166–69.

  Pages 231–33

  Warburg, Otto, "On the Origin of Cancer Cells," Science, Vol. 123, No. 3191 (Feb. 24, 1956), pp. 309–14.

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  Sloan-Kettering Inst. for Cancer Research, Biennial Report, July 1, 1957–June 30, 1959, p. 72.

  Page 233

  Levan, Albert, and John J. Biesele, "Role of Chromosomes in Cancerogenesis, As Studied in Serial Tissue Culture of Mammalian Cells," Annals New York Acad. Sci., Vol. 71 (1958), No. 6, pp. 1022–53.

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  Hunter, F. T., "Chronic Exposure to Benzene (Benzol). II. The Clinical Effects," Jour. Indus. Hygiene and Toxicol., Vol. 21 (1939), pp. 331–54.

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  Mallory, T. B., et al., "Chronic Exposure to Benzene (Benzol). III. The Pathologic Results," Jour. Indus. Hygiene and Toxicol., Vol. 21 (1939), pp. 355–93.

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  Hueper, Environmental and Occupational Cancer, pp. 1–69.

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  ___, "Recent Developments in Environmental Cancer," A.M.A. Archives Path., Vol. 58 (1954), pp. 475–523.

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  Burnet, F. Macfarlane, "Leukemia As a Problem in Preventive Medicine," New Eng. Jour. Med., Vol. 259 (1958), No. 9, pp. 423–31.

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  Klein, Michael, "The Transplacental Effect of Urethan on Lung Tumorigenesis in Mice," Jour. Natl. Cancer Inst., Vol. 12 (1952), pp. 1003–10.

  Pages 235–37

  Biskind, M. S., and G. R. Biskind, "Diminution in Ability of the Liver to Inactivate Estrone in Vitamin B Complex Deficiency," Science, Vol. 94, No. 2446 (Nov. 1941), p. 462.

  Pages 235–37

  Biskind, G. R., and M. S. Biskind, "The Nutritional Aspects of Certain Endocrine Disturbances," Am. Jour. Clin. Path., Vol. 16 (1946), No. 12, pp. 737–45.

  Pages 235–37

  Biskind, M. S., and G. R. Biskind, "Effect of Vitamin B Complex Deficiency on Inactivation of Estrone in the Liver," Endocrinology, Vol. 31 (1942), No. 1, pp. 109–14.

  Pages 235–37

  Biskind, M. S., and M. C. Shelesnyak, "Effect of Vitamin B Complex Deficiency on Inactivation of Ovarian Estrogen in the Liver," Endocrinology, Vol. 30 (1942), No. 5, pp. 819–20.

  Pages 235–37

  Biskind, M. S., and G. R. Biskind, "Inactivation of Testosterone Propionate in the Liver During Vitamin B Complex Deficiency. Alteration of the Estrogen-Androgen Equilibrium," Endocrinology, Vol. 32 (1943), No. 1, pp. 97–102.

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  Greene, H. S. N., "Uterine Adenomata in the Rabbit. III. Susceptibility As a Function of Constitutional Factors," Jour. Exper. Med., Vol. 73 (1941), No. 2, pp. 273–92.

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  Horning, E. S., and J. W. Whittick, "The Histogenesis of Stil-boestrol-Induced Renal Tumours in the Male Golden Hamster," Brit. Jour. Cancer, Vol. 8 (1954), pp. 451–57.

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  Kirkman, Hadley, Estrogen-Induced Tumors of the Kidney in the Syrian Hamster. U.S. Public Health Service, Natl. Cancer Inst. Monograph No. 1 (Dec. 1959).

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  Ayre, J. E., and W. A. G. Bauld, "Thiamine Deficiency and High Estrogen Findings in Uterine Cancer and in Menorrhagia," Science, Vol. 103, No. 2676 (April 12, 1946), pp. 441–45.

  Pages 236–37

  Rhoads, C. P., "Physiological Aspects of Vitamin Deficiency," Proc. Inst. Med. Chicago, Vol. 13 (1940), p. 198.

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  Sugiura, K., and C. P. Rhoads, "Experimental Liver Cancer in Rats and Its Inhibition by Rice-Bran Extract, Yeast, and Yeast Extract," Cancer Research, Vol. 1 (1941), pp. 3–16.

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  Martin, H., "The Precancerous Mouth Lesions of Avitaminosis B. Their Etiology, Response to Therapy and Relationship to Intra-oral Cancer," Am. Jour. Surgery, Vol. 57 (1942), pp. 195–225.

  Page 237

  Tannenbaum, A., "Nutrition and Cancer," in Freddy Homburger, ed., Physiopathology of Cancer. New York: Harper, 1959. 2nd ed. A Paul B. Hoeber Book. P. 552.

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  Symeonidis, A., "Post-starvation Gynecomastia and Its Relationship to Breast Cancer in Man," Jour. Natl. Cancer Inst., Vol. 11 (1950), p. 656.

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  Davies, J. N. P., "Sex Hormone Upset in Africans," Brit. Med. Jour., Vol. 2 (1949), pp. 676–79.

  Pages 237–38

  Hueper, "Potential Role of Non-Nutritive Food Additives."

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  VanEsch et al., "Production of Skin Tumours in Mice by Carbamates."

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  Berenblum, I., and N. Trainin, "Possible Two-Stage Mechanism in Experimental Leukemogenesis," Science, Vol. 132 (July 1, 1960), pp. 40–41.

  Pages 238–39

  Hueper, W. C., "Cancer Hazards from Natural and Artificial Water Pollutants," Proc., Conf. on Physiol. Aspects of Water Quality, Washington, D.C., Sept. 8–9, 1960, pp. 181–93. U.S. Public Health Service.

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  Hueper and Payne, "Observations on Occurrence of Hepatomas in Rainbow Trout."

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  Sloan-Kettering Inst, for Cancer Research, Biennial Report, 1957–59.

  Pages 240–42

  Hueper, W. C., To author.

  CHAPTER 15: NATURE FIGHTS BACK

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  Briejèr, C. J., "The Growing Resistance of Insects to Insecticides," Atlantic Naturalist, Vol. 13 (1958), No. 3, pp. 149–55.

  Page 247

  Metcalf, Robert L., "The Impact of the Development of Organo-phosphorus Insecticides upon Basic and Applied Science," Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am., Vol. 5 (March 1959), pp. 3–15.

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  Ripper, W. E., "Effect of Pesticides on Balance of Arthropod Populations," Annual Rev. Entomol., Vol. 1 (1956), pp. 403–38.

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  Allen, Durward L., Our Wildlife Legacy. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1954. Pp. 234–36.

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  Sabrosky, Curtis W., "How Many Insects Are There?" Yearbook of Agric., U.S. Dept. of Agric., 1952, pp. 1–7.

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  Bishopp, F. C., "Insect Friends of Man," Yearbook of Agric., U.S. Dept. of Agric., 1952, pp. 79–87.

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  Klots, Alexander B., and Elsie B. Klots, "Beneficial Bees, Wasps, and Ants," Handbook on Biological Control of Plant Pests, pp. 44–46. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Reprinted from Plants and Gardens, Vol. 16 (1960), No. 3.

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  Hagen, Kenneth S., "Biological Control with Lady Beetles," Handbook on Biological Control of Plant Pests, pp. 28–35.

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  Schlinger, Evert I., "Natural Enemies of Aphids," Handbook on Biological Control of Plant Pests, pp. 36–42.

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  Bishopp, "Insect Friends of Man."

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  Ripper, "Effect of Pesticides on Arthropod Populations."

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  Davies, D. M., "A Study of the Black-fly Population of a Stream in Algonquin Park, Ontario," Transactions, Royal Canadian Inst., Vol. 59 (1950), pp. 121–59.

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  Ripper, "Effect of Pesticides on Arthropod Populations."

  Pages 252–53

  Johnson, Philip C., Spruce Spider Mite Infestations in Northern Rocky Mountain Douglas-Fir Forests. Research Paper 55, Intermountain Forest and Range Exper. Station, U.S. Forest Service, Ogden, Utah, 1958.

  Pages 253–54

  Davis, Donald W., "Some Effects of DDT on Spider Mites," Jour. Econ. Entomol., Vol. 45 (1952), No. 6, pp. 1011–19.

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  Gould, E., and E. O. Hamstead, "Control of the Red-banded Leaf Roller," Jour. Econ. Entomol., Vol. 41 (1948), pp. 887–90.

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  Pickett, A. D., "A Critique on Insect Chemical Control Methods," Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 81 (1949), No. 3, pp. 1–10.

  Pages 254–55

  Joyce, R. J. V., "Large-Scale Spraying of Cotton in the Gash Delta in Eastern Sudan," Bull. Entomol. Research, Vol. 47 (1956), pp. 390–413.

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  Long, W. H., et al., "Fire Ant Eradication Program Increases Damage by the Sugarcane Borer," Sugar Bull., Vol. 37 (1958), No. 5, pp. 62–63.

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  Luckmann, William H., "Increase of European Corn Borers Following Soil Application of Large Amounts of Dieldrin," Jour. Econ. Entomol., Vol. 53 (1960), No. 4, pp. 582–84.

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  Haeussler, G. J., "Losses Caused by Insects," Yearbook of Agric., U.S. Dept. of Agric., 1952, pp. 141–46.

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  Clausen, C. P., "Parasites and Predators," Yearbook of Agric., U.S. Dept. of Agric., 1952, pp. 380–88.

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  ___, Biological Control of Insect Pests in the Continental United States. U.S. Dept. of Agric. Technical Bulletin No. 1139 (June 1956), pp. 1–151.

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  DeBach, Paul, "Application of Ecological Information to Control of Citrus Pests in California," Proc., 10th Internatl. Congress of Entomologists (1956), Vol. 3 (1958), pp. 187–94.

  Page 257

  Laird, Marshall, "Biological Solutions to Problems Arising from the Use of Modern Insecticides in the Field of Public Health," Acta Tropica, Vol. 16 (1959), No. 4, pp. 331–55.

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  Harrington, R. W., and W. L. Bidlingmayer, "Effects of Dieldrin on Fishes and Invertebrates of a Salt Marsh," Jour. Wildlife Management, Vol. 22 (1958), No. 1, pp. 76–82.

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  Liver Flukes in Cattle. U.S. Dept. of Agric. Leaflet No. 493 (1961).

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  Fisher, Theodore W., "What Is Biological Control?" Handbook on Biological Control of Plant Pests, pp. 6–18. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Reprinted from Plants and Gardens, Vol. 16 (1960), No. 3.

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  Jacob, F. H., "Some Modern Problems in Pest Control," Science Progress, No. 181 (1958), pp. 30–45.

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  Pickett, A. D., and N. A. Patterson, "The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. IV. A Review," Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 85 (1953), No. 12, pp. 472–78.

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  Pickett, A. D., "Controlling Orchard Insects," Agric. Inst. Rev., March–April 1953.

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  ___, "The Philosophy of Orchard Insect Control," 79th Annual Report, Entomol. Soc. of Ontario (1948), pp. 1–5.

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  ___, "The Control of Apple Insects in Nova Scotia." Mimeo.

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  Ullyett, G. C., "Insects, Man and the Environment," Jour. Econ. Entomol., Vol. 44 (1951), No. 4, pp. 459–64.

  CHAPTER 16: THE RUMBLINGS OF AN AVALANCHE

  Pages 263–64

  Babers, Frank H., Development of Insect Resistance to Insecticides. U.S. Dept. of Agric., E 776 (May 1949).

  Pages 263–64

  ___, and J. J. Pratt, Development of Insect Resistance to Insecticides. II. A Critical Review of the Literature up to 1951. U.S. Dept. of Agric., E 818 (May 1951).

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  Brown, A. W. A., "The Challenge of Insecticide Resistance," Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am., Vol. 7 (1961), No. 1, pp. 6–19.

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  ___, "Development and Mechanism of Insect Resistance to Available Toxicants," Soap and Chem. Specialties, Jan. 1960.

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  Insect Resistance and Vector Control. World Health Organ. Technical Report Ser. No. 153 (Geneva, 1958), p. 5.

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  Elton, Charles S., The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. New York: Wiley, 1958. P. 181.

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  Babers and Pratt, Development of Insect Resistance to Insecticides, II.

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  Brown, A. W. A., Insecticide Resistance in Arthropods. World Health Organ. Monograph Ser. No. 38 (1958), pp. 13, 11.

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  Quarterman, K. D., and H. F. Schoof, "The Status of Insecticide Resistance in Arthropods of Public Health Importance in 1956," Am. Jour. Trop. Med. and Hygiene, Vol. 7 (1958), No. 1, pp. 74–83.

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  Brown, Insecticide Resistance in Arthropods.

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  Hess, Archie D., "The Significance of Insecticide Resistance in Vector Control Programs," Am. Jour. Trop. Med. and Hygiene, Vol. 1 (1952), No. 3, pp. 371–88.

  Page 268

  Lindsay, Dale R., and H. I. Scudder, "Nonbiting Flies and Disease," Annual Rev. Entomol., Vol. 1 (1956), pp. 323–46.

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  Schoof, H. F., and J. W. Kilpatrick, "House Fly Resistance to Organo-phosphorus Compounds in Arizona and Georgia," Jour. Econ. Entomol., Vol. 51 (1958), No. 4, p. 546.

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  Brown, "Development and Mechanism of Insect Resistance."

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  ___, Insecticide Resistance in Arthropods.

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  ___, "Challenge of Insecticide Resistance."

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  ___, Insecticide Resistance in Arthropods.

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  ___, "Development and Mechanism of Insect Resistance."

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  ___, Insecticide Resistance in Arthropods.

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  ___, "Challenge of Insecticide Resistance."

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  Anon., "Brown Dog Tick Develops Resistance to Chlordane," New Jersey Agric., Vol. 37 (1955), No. 6, pp. 15–16.

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  New York Herald Tribune, June 22, 1959; also J. C. Pallister, To author, Nov. 6, 1959.

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  Brown, "Challenge of Insecticide Resistance."

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  Hoffmann, C. H., "Insect Resistance," Soap, Vol. 32 (1956), No. 8, pp. 129–32.

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  Brown, A. W. A., Insect Control by Chemicals. New York: Wiley, 1951.

  Page [>]

  Briejèr, C. J., "The Growing Resistance of Insects to Insecticides," Atlantic Naturalist, Vol. 13 (1958), No. 3, pp. 149–55.

  Page 273

  Laird, Marshall, "Biological Solutions to Problems Arising from the Use of Modern Insecticides in the Field of Public Health," Acta Tropica, Vol. 16 (1959), No. 4, pp. 331–55.

  Page [>]

  Brown, Insecticide Resistance in Arthropods.

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  ___, "Development and Mechanism of Insect Resistance."

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  Briejèr, "Growing Resistance of Insects to Insecticides."

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  "Pesticides—1959," Jour. Agric. and Food Chem., Vol. 7 (1959), No. 10, p. 680.

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  Briejèr, "Growing Resistance of Insects to Insecticides."

>   CHAPTER 17: THE OTHER ROAD

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  Swanson, Carl P., Cytology and Cytogenetics. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1957.

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  Knipling, E. F., "Control of Screw-Worm Fly by Atomic Radiation," Sci. Monthly, Vol. 85 (1957), No. 4, pp. 195–202.

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  ___, Screwworm Eradication: Concepts and Research Leading to the Sterile-Male Method. Smithsonian Inst. Annual Report, Publ. 4365 (1959).

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  Bushland, R. C., et al., "Eradication of the Screw-Worm Fly by Releasing Gamma-Ray-Sterilized Males among the Natural Population," Proc., Internatl. Conf. on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, Aug. 1955, Vol. 12, pp. 216–20.

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  Lindquist, Arthur W., "The Use of Gamma Radiation for Control or Eradication of the Screwworm," Jour. Econ. Entomol., Vol. 48 (1955), No. 4, pp. 467–69.

  Page 281

  ___, "Research on the Use of Sexually Sterile Males for Eradication of Screw-Worms," Proc., Inter-Am. Symposium on Peaceful Applications of Nuclear Energy, Buenos Aires, June 1959, pp. 229–39.

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  "Screwworm vs. Screwworm," Agric. Research, July 1958, p. 8. U.S. Dept. of Agric.

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  "Traps Indicate Screwworm May Still Exist in Southeast." U.S. Dept. of Agric. Release No. 1502–59 (June 3, 1959). Mimeo.

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  Potts, W. H., "Irradiation and the Control of Insect Pests," Times (London) Sci. Rev., Summer 1958, pp. 13–14.

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  Knipling, Screwworm Eradication: Sterile-Male Method.

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  Lindquist, Arthur W., "Entomological Uses of Radioisotopes," in Radiation Biology and Medicine. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1958. Chap. 27, Pt. 8, pp. 688–710.

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  ___, "Research on the Use of Sexually Sterile Males."

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  "USDA May Have New Way to Control Insect Pests with Chemical Sterilants." U.S. Dept. of Agric. Release No. 3587–61 (Nov. 1, 1961). Mimeo.

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  Lindquist, Arthur W., "Chemicals to Sterilize Insects," Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., Nov. 1961, pp. 109–14.

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  ___, "New Ways to Control Insects," Pest Control Mag., June 1961.

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  LaBrecque, G. C., "Studies with Three Alkylating Agents As House Fly Sterilants," Jour. Econ. Entomol., Vol. 54 (1961), No. 4, pp. 684–89.

  Page 284

  Knipling, E. F., "Potentialities and Progress in the Development of Chemosterilants for Insect Control," paper presented at Annual Meeting Entomol. Soc. of Am., Miami, 1961.