Hui, Y. H. Handbook of Fruit and Vegetable Flavors. Hoboken: Wiley, 2010.

  Mainland, Joel, and Noam Sobel. “The Sniff Is Part of the Olfactory Percept.” Chemical Senses 31: 181–196 (2006).

  Morrot, Gil, Frederic Brochet, and Denis Dubourdieu. “The Color of Odors.” Brain and Language 79 (2): 309–320 (November 2001).

  Mustacich, Suzanne. “Fighting Fake Bordeaux.” Wine Spectator, November 8, 2011. www.winespectator.com/webfeature/show/id/45968.

  Pickering, G. J. “Optimizing the Sensory Characteristics and Acceptance of Canned Cat Food: Use of a Human Taste Panel.” Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 93 (1): 52–60 (February 2009).

  Smith, Philip W., Owen W. Parks, and Daniel P. Schwartz. “Characterization of Male Goat Odors: 6-Trans Nonenal.” Journal of Dairy Science 67 (4): 794–801 (April 1984).

  2 • I’LL HAVE THE PUTRESCINE

  Association of American Feed Control Officials. Feed Ingredient Definitions, Official Publication, 1992.

  McCarrison, Robert. “A Good Diet and a Bad One: An Experimental Contrast.” British Medical Journal 2 (3433): 730–732 (October 23, 1926).

  Phillips, Tim. “Learn from the Past.” Petfood Industry (October 2007). Pp. 14–17.

  Wentworth, Kenneth L. “The Effect of a Native Mexican Diet on Learning and Reasoning in White Rats.” Journal of Comparative Psychology 22 (2): 255–267 (October 1936).

  3 • LIVER AND OPINIONS

  Apicius. Book VIII: Tetrapus (Quadrupeds).

  Blake, Anthony A. “Flavour Perception and the Learning of Food Preferences.” In Flavor Perception, edited by A. J. Taylor and D. D. Roberts. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004.

  Blech, Zushe Yosef. “Like Mountains Hanging by a Hair.” Kashrut.com. http://www.kashrut.com/articles/L_cysteine/ (accessed September 2012).

  Bull, Sleeter. Meat for the Table. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1951.

  Casteen, Marie L. “Ten Popular Specialty Meat Recipes.” Hotel Management, August 1944. Pp. 26–28.

  Cline, Jessie Alice. “The Variety Meats.” Practical Home Economics 21: 57–58 (February 1943).

  Davis, Clara. “Results of the Self-Selection of Diets by Young Children.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 41 (3): 257–261 (September 1939).

  Feeney, Robert E. Polar Journeys: The Role of Food and Nutrition in Early Exploration. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 1997.

  Guthe, Carl E., and Margaret Mead. “Manual for the Study of Food Habits: Report of the Committee on Food Habits.” Bulletin of the National Research Council, No. 111 (1943.)

  ———. “The Problem of Changing Food Habits: Report of the Committee on Food Habits.” Bulletin of the National Research Council, No. 108 (1943).

  “Jackrabbit Should Be Used To Ease Meat Shortage.” Science News Letter, July 24, 1943.

  Kizlatis, Lilia, Carol Deibel, and A. J. Siedler. “Nutrient Content of Variety Meats.” Food Technology, January 1964.

  Kuhnlein, Harriet V., and Rula Soueida. “Use and Nutrient Composition of Traditional Baffin Inuit Foods.” Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 5: 112–126 (1992).

  Mead, Margaret. “Reaching the Last Woman down the Road.” Journal of Home Economics 34: 710–713 (1942).

  Mennella, J. A., and G. K. Beauchamp. “Maternal Diet Alters the Sensory Qualities of Human Milk and the Nursling’s Behavior.” Pediatrics 88 (4): 737–744 (1991).

  Mennella, J. A., A. Johnson, and G. K. Beauchamp. “Garlic Ingestion by Pregnant Women Alters the Odor of Amniotic Fluid.” Chemical Senses 20 (2): 207–209 (1995).

  Rozin, Paul, et al. “Individual Differences in Disgust Sensitivity: Comparisons and Evaluations of Paper-and-Pencil versus Behavioral Measures.” Journal of Research in Personality 33: 330–351 (1999).

  ———. “The Child’s Conception of Food: Differentiation of Categories of Rejected Substances in the 16 Months to 5 Year Age Range. Appetite 7: 141–151 (1986).

  Wansink, Brian. “Changing Eating Habits on the Home Front: Lost Lessons from World War II Research.” Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 21 (1): 90–99 (Spring 2002).

  Wansink, Brian, Steven T. Sonka, and Matthew M. Cheney. “A Cultural Hedonic Framework for Increasing the Consumption of Unfamiliar Foods: Soy Acceptance in Russia and Colombia.” Review of Agricultural Economics 24 (2): 353–365 (September 23, 2002).

  War Food Administration. Food Conservation Education in the Elementary School Program (pamphlet). Washington, D.C.: USDA, 1944.

  4 • THE LONGEST MEAL

  Barnett, L. Margaret. “Fletcherism: The Chew-Chew Fad of the Edwardian Era.” In Nutrition in Britain: Science, Scientists and Politics in the Twentieth Century, edited by David Smith. London: Routledge, 1997.

  ———. “The Impact of ‘Fletcherism’ on the Food Policies of Herbert Hoover during World War I.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 66: 234–259 (June 1992).

  Chittenden, Russell H. “The Nutrition of the Body: A Study in Economical Feeding.” Popular Science Monthly, June 1903.

  Dawson, Percy M. A Biography of François Magendie. Brooklyn: Albert T. Huntington, 1908.

  “Eating Guano.” California Farmer and Journal of Useful Sciences 11 (22) (July 1, 1859).

  Fletcher, Horace. The New Glutton or Epicure. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1917.

  Levine, Allen S., and Stephen E. Silvis. “Absorption of Whole Peanuts, Peanut Oil, and Peanut Butter.” New England Journal of Medicine 303 (16): 917–918 (October 16, 1980).

  5 • HARD TO STOMACH

  Beaumont, William. Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and the Physiology of Digestion. Edinburgh: Maclachlan and Stewart, 1838.

  Green, Alexa. “Working Ethics: William Beaumont, Alexis St. Martin, and Medical Research in Antebellum America.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 84 (2): 193–216 (Summer 2010).

  Janowitz, Henry D. “Newly Discovered Letters concerning William Beaumont, Alexis St. Martin, and the American Fur Company.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 22 (6): 823–832 (November/December 2008).

  Karlawish, Jason. Open Wound: The Tragic Obsession of Dr. William Beaumont. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011.

  Leblond, Sylvio. “The Life and Times of Alexis St. Martin.” Canada Medical Association Journal 88: 1205–1211 (June 15, 1963).

  Myer, Jesse S. Life and Letters of Dr. William Beaumont. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby, 1912.

  Roland, Charles G. “Alexis St. Martin and His Relationship with William Beaumont.” Annals of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada 21 (1): 15–20 (January 1988).

  6 • SPIT GETS A POLISH

  “Breastfeeding Fatwa Sheikh Back at Egypt’s Azhar.” Al Arabiya News, May 18, 2009. http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2009/05/18/73140.html.

  Broder, J., et al. “Low Risk of Infection in Selected Human Bites Treated without Antibiotics.” American Journal of Emergency Medicine 22 (1): 10–13 (January 2004).

  Bull, J. J., Tim S. Jessup, and Marvin Whiteley. “Deathly Drool: Evolutionary and Ecological Basis of Septic Bacteria in Komodo Dragon Mouths.” PloS One 5 (6): e11097 (June 21, 2010).

  Chowdharay-Best, G. “Notes on the Healing Properties of Saliva.” Folklore 75: 195–200 (1975).

  Eastmond, C. J. “A Case of Acute Mercury Poisoning.” Postgraduate Medical Journal 51: 428–430 (June 1975).

  Fry, Brian, et al. “A Central Role for Venom in Predation by Varanus komodoensis (Komodo Dragon) and the Extinct Giant Varanus (Megalania) priscus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (22): 8969–8974 (June 2, 2009).

  Harper, Edward B. “Ritual Pollution as an Integrator of Caste and Religion.” Journal of East Asian Studies 23: 151–197 (1964).

  Hendley, J. Owen, Richard P. Wenzel, and Jack M. Gwaltney Jr. “Transmission of Rhinovirus Colds by Self-Inoculation.” New England Journal of Medicine 288 (26): 1361–1364 (June 28, 1973).

  Humphrey, Sue, and Russell T. Williamson. “A Review of Saliva: Normal Composition, Flow, and
Function.” Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 85 (2): 162–169 (February 2001).

  Hutson, J. M., et al. “Effect of Salivary Glands on Wound Contraction in Mice.” Nature 279: 793–795 (June 28, 1979).

  Jamjoon, Mohammed, and Saad Abedine. “Saudis Order 40 Lashes for Elderly Woman for Mingling.” CNN.com/world, March 9, 2009. www .cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/03/09/saudi.arabia.lashes/index.html.

  Kerr, Alexander Creighton. The Physiological Regulation of Salivary Secretions in Man. New York: Pergamon Press, 1961.

  Lee, Henry. “On Mercurial Fumigation in the Treatment of Syphillis.” Medico-Chirurgical Transactions 39: 339–346 (1856).

  Lee, V. M., and R. W. A. Linden. “An Olfactory-Parotid Salivary Reflex in Humans?” Experimental Physiology 76: 347–355 (1991).

  Mennen, U., and C. J. Howells. “Human Fight-Bite Injuries of the Hand: A Study of 100 Cases within 18 Months.” Journal of Hand Surgery (British and European volume) 16 (4): 431–435 (November 1991).

  Montgomery, Joel M., et al. “Aerobic Salivary Bacteria in Wild and Captive Komodo Dragons.” Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38 (3): 545–551 (2002).

  Nguyen, Sean, and David T. Wong. “Cultural, Behavioral, Social and Psychological Perceptions of Saliva: Relevance to Clinical Diagnostics.” CDA Journal 34 (4): 317–322 (April 2006).

  Oudhoff, Menno, et al. “Histatins Are the Major Wound-Closure Stimulating Factors in Human Saliva as Identified in a Cell Culture Assay.” FASEB Journal 22: 3805–3812 (November 2008).

  Patil, Pradnya D., Tanmay S. Panchabnai, and Sagar C. Galwankar. “Managing Human Bites.” Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock 2 (3): 186–190 (September–December 2009).

  Read, Bernard E. Chinese Materia Medica: Animal Drugs, from the Pen Ts’ao Kang Mu by Li Shih-chen, A.D. 1597. Taipei: Southern Materials Center, 1976.

  Robinson, Nicholas. A Treatise on the Virtues and Efficacy of a Crust of Bread: Eat Early in a Morning Fasting, to Which Are Added Some Particular Remarks concerning the Great Cures Accomplished by the Saliva or Fasting Spittle . . . London: A. & C. Corbett, 1763.

  Romão, Paula M. S., Adilia M. Alarcão, and Cesar A. N. Viana. “Human Saliva as a Cleaning Agent for Dirty Surfaces.” Studies in Conservation 35: 153–155 (1990).

  Rozin, Paul, and April E. Fallon. “A Perspective on Disgust.” Psychological Review 94 (1): 23–41 (1987).

  Silletti, Erika M. G. When Emulsions Meet Saliva: A Physical-Chemical, Biochemical, and Sensory Study. Thesis, Wageningen University, 2008.

  7 • A BOLUS OF CHERRIES

  Altkorn, Robert. “Fatal and Non-fatal Food Injuries among Children (Aged 0–14 Years).” International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 72 (7): 1041–1046 (July 2008).

  Gliniecki, Andrew. “Elton John Wins Pounds 350,000 for Libel: Punitive Damages Awarded against ‘Sunday Mirror’ over False Claims about Diet.” Independent, November 5, 1993.

  Heath, M. R. “The Basic Mechanics of Mastication: Man’s Adaptive Success.” In Feeding and the Texture of Food, edited by J. F. V. Vincent. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

  John v. MGN, Ltd., QB 586 (1997), 3 WLR 593 (1996), 2 All ER 35 (1996), EMLR 229 Court of Appeal, Civil Division (1996).

  Mitchell, James E., et al. “Chewing and Spitting Out Food as a Clinical Feature of Bulimia.” Psychosomatics 29: 81–84 (1988).

  Prinz, Jon F., and René de Wijk. “The Role of Oral Processing in Flavour Perception.” In Flavor Perception, edited by A. J. Taylor and D. D. Roberts. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004.

  Seidel, James S., and Marianne Gausche-Hill. “Lychee-Flavored Gel Candies: A Potentially Lethal Snack for Infants and Children.” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 156 (11): 1120–1122 (November 2002).

  Van der Bilt, Andries. “Assessment of Mastication with Implications for Oral Rehabilitation: A Review. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 38: 754–780 (2011).

  Wolf, Stewart. Human Gastric Function: An Experimental Study of a Man and His Stomach. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1947.

  8 • BIG GULP

  “A Shark Story of Great Merit.” New York Times, December 4, 1896.

  Bernard, Claude. Leçons de Physiologie Expérimentale Appliquée a la Médecine, Faites au College de France. Paris: Bailliere, 1855. Pp. 408–418.

  Bondeson, J. “The Bosom Serpent.” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 91: 442–447 (August 1998).

  Dally, Ann. Fantasy Surgery 1880–1930, with Special Reference to Sir William Arbuthnot Lane (Clio Medica 38, Wellcome Institute Series in the History of Medicine). Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi B.V., 1996.

  Dalton, J. C. “Experimental Investigations to Determine Whether the Garden Slug Can Live in the Human Stomach.” American Journal of Medical Sciences 49 (98): 334–338 (April 1865).

  Davis, Edward B. “A Whale of a Tale: Fundamentalist Fish Stories.” Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 43: 224–237 (1991).

  Foster, Michael. Lectures on the History of Physiology during the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries. Cambridge, U.K.: University Press, 1901.

  Gambell, Ray, and Sidney G. Brown. “James Bartley—A Modern Jonah or a Joke?” Investigations on Cetacea 24: 325–337 (1993).

  Hunter, John. “On the Digestion of the Stomach after Death.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 62: 447–454 (1772).

  Paget, Stephen. Experiments on Animals. London: James Nisbet, 1906.

  Pavy, F. W. “On the Immunity Enjoyed by the Stomach from Being Digested by Its Own Secretion during Life.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 153: 161–171 (1863).

  Reese, D. Meredith. “Medical Curiosity: Alleged Living Reptile in the Human Stomach.” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 28 (18): 352–356 (June 7, 1908).

  Slijper, E. J. Whales. New York: Basic Books, 1962. Pp. 284–293.

  Spence, John. “Severe Affection of the Stomach, Ascribed to the Presence in It of an Animal of the Laerta Tribe.” Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 9: 315–318 (July 1813).

  Stengel, Alfred. “Sensations Interpreted as Live Animals in the Stomach.” University of Pennsylvania Medical Bulletin 16 (3): 86–89 (May 1903).

  “Swallowed by a Whale.” New York Times, November 22, 1896.

  Warren, Joseph W. “Notes on the Digestion of ‘Living’ Tissues.” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 116 (11): 249–252 (March 17, 1887).

  9 • DINNER’S REVENGE

  Bland-Sutton, John. “The Psychology of Animals Swallowed Alive.” In On Faith and Science in Surgery. London: William Heinemann, 1930.

  Haddad, Farid S. “Ahmad ibn Aby al’Ash‘ath (959 A.D.) Studied Gastric Physiology in a Live Lion.” Lebanese Medical Journal 54 (4): 235 (2006).

  Kozawa, Shuji, et al. “An Autopsy Case of Chemical Burns by Hydrochloric Acid.” Legal Medicine 11: S535–S537 (2009).

  Matshes, Evan W., Kirsten A. Taylor, and Valerie J. Rao. “Sulfuric Acid Injury.” American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 29 (4): 340–345 (December 2008).

  10 • STUFFED

  Barnhart, Jay. S., and Roger E. Mittleman. “Unusual Deaths Associated with Polyphagia.” American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 7 (1): 30–34 (1986).

  Csendes, Atila, and Ana Maria Burgos. “Size, Volume, and Weight of the Stomach in Patients with Morbid Obesity Compared to Controls.” Obesity Surgery 15 (8): 1133–1136 (September 2005).

  Edwards, Gillian. “Case of Bulimia Nervosa Presenting with Acute Fatal Abdominal Distention.” Lancet 325 (8432): 822–823 (April 6, 1985).

  Glassman, Oscar. “Subcutaneous Rupture of the Stomach; Traumatic and Spontaneous.” Annals of Surgery 89 (2): 247–263 (February 1929).

  Key-Åberg, Algot. “Zur Lehre von der Spontanen Magenruptur.” Ger-ichtliche und Offfentliche Medicine 3, 1: 42 (1891).

  Lemmon, William T., and George W. Paschal Jr. “Rupture of the Stomach following Ingestion of Sodium Bicarbonate.” Annals of Surgery 114 (6): 997–1003 (December 1941).

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p; Levine, Marc S., et al. “Competitive Speed Eating: Truth and Consequences.” American Journal of Roentgenology 189: 681–686 (2007).

  Markowski, B. “Acute Dilatation of the Stomach.” British Medical Journal 2 (4516): 128–130 (July 26, 1947).

  Matikainen, Martti. “Spontaneous Rupture of the Stomach.” American Journal of Surgery 138: 451–452 (September 1979).

  Van Den Elzen, B. D., et al. “Impaired Drinking Capacity in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia: Intragastric Distribution and Distal Stomach Volume.” Neurogastroenterology and Motility 19 (12): 968 –976 (December 2007).

  11 • UP THEIRS

  Agnew, Jeremy. “Some Anatomical and Physiological Aspects of Anal Sexual Practices.” Journal of Homosexuality 12 (1): 75–96 (Fall 1985).

  Cox, Daniel J., et al. “Additive Benefits of Laxative, Toilet Training, and Biofeedback Therapies in the Treatment of Pediatric Encopresis.” Journal of Pediatric Psychology 21 (5): 659–670 (1996).

  Garber, Harvey I., Robert J. Rubin, and Theodore E. Eisestat. “Foreign Bodies of the Rectum.” Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey 78 (13): 877–888 (December 1981).

  Klauser, Andreas G., et al. “Behavioral Modification of Colonic Function: Can Constipation Be Learned?” Digestive Diseases and Sciences 35 (10): 1271–1275 (October 1990).

  Knowlton, Brian, and Nicola Clark. “U.S. Adds Body Bombs to Concerns on Air Travel.” New York Times, July 6, 2011.

  Lancashire, M. J. R., et al. “Surgical Aspects of International Drug Smuggling.” British Medical Journal 296: 1035–1037 (April 9, 1988).

  Lowry, Thomas P., and Gregory R. Williams. “Brachioproctic Eroticism.” Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 9 (1): 50–52 (1983).

  Schaper, Andreas. “Surgical Treatment in Cocaine Body Packers and Body Pushers.” International Journal of Colorectal Disease 22: 1531–1535 (2007).

  Shafik, Ahmed, et al. “Functional Activity of the Rectum: A Conduit Organ or a Storage Organ or Both?” World Journal of Gastroenterology 12 (28): 4549–4552 (July 2006).

  Simon, Gustav. “On the Artificial Dilatation of the Anus and Rectum for Exploration and for Operation.” Cincinnati Lancet and Observer 14 (5): 326–334 (May 1873).