28 Ashley, Financial, pp. 147-8; Abbott, in, p. 745.
29 Mercurius Politicus, 10 May 1655.
30 Whitelocke, IV, p. 203; C.S.P. Venetian 1655-6, p. 72; C.S.P. Domestic 1655, pp. 184-5; Vaughan, I, pp. 174, 185 and 286.
31 Abbott, III, p. 731.
32 Abbott, IV, p. 137; Baschet 31/3/102, 5 June 1658; Jusserand, XXIV, p. 215 n. 3.
Baschet 31/3/101, 10 March 1657.
34 Abbott, IV, p. 261.
35 Court and Kitchen, p. 38.
36 Ashley, Financial, p. 84.
37 Roberts, Baltic Policy, p. 146.
38 Abbott, IV, p. 261; Thurloe, I’ll, p. 173.
39 Jasnowski, p. 52; Borshak, p.143 et seq.
40 Thurloe, II, p. 731; C.S.P. Venetian, 1655-6, p. 40.
41 See Hinton, p. 97 et seq.
42 Roberts, Baltic Policy, p. 150.
43 Abbott, IV, p. 43.
44 Abbott, IV, p. 94.
45 Roberts, Baltic Policy, p. 174.
46 Bohn, I, p. 287; Burnet, History, I, p. 83.
47 Somers Tracts, VI, p. 330; Margoliouth, I, p. 133; Mercurius Politicus, 3 September 1658; Reresby, p. 16 fh. 3; Burnet, History, I, p. 86.
48 Margoliouth, 1, p. 208.
49 Ludlow, II, p. 2-3; Jusserand, XXIV, p. 220 n. 2.
50 C.S.P. Venetian, 1655-6, p. 133.
51 Clarendon, VI, p. 94.
20 JEWS AND MAJORGENERALS
1 Hobman, Thurloe, p. 60.
2 Ashley, Greatness, pp. 315-16.
3 Hutchinson, p. 340; Everett, Kent, p. 288; Roots, Rebellion, p. 194.
4 Abbott, IV, p. 278.
5 Heath, Flagellum, p. 171; Coate, Cornwall, p. 294.
6 Abbott, I’ll, p. 756.
7 Wolf, American Elements, p. 76; Trevor-Roper, Religion, p. 281.
8 Hill, Puritanism, p. 140.
9 Wolf, Crypto Jews, p. 55; Wolf, First English Jew, p. 14.
10 Sadler, Rights of the Kingdom; Hyamson, Lost Tribes, p. 115.
11 Roth, History, p. 154; Josselin, p-95
12 Wolf, in Roth, Essays, p. 93.
13 Wolf, Menasseh Mission, p. xxxxvii.
14 Roth, Menasseh, p. 251.
15 C.S.P. Venetian 1655-6, p. 160.
16 Menasseh, Humble Address, p. 75.
17 Agathocles; Noble, I, p. 121 fh.; C.S.P. Venetian 1655-6, p. 160; Fletcher, p. 225
18 Wolf, Menasseh Mission, p. liii; Abbott, IV, p 33; Hobman, Thurloe, p. 70.
19 Evelyn, I, p. 327; Roth. New Light, p. 130.
20 Roth, New Light, p. 131.
21 Roth, History, p. 164.
22 Burnet, History, I, p. 76; Burton. Diary, 4 February 1658; Wolf, American Ekments, p. 96; Wolf Restoration, p. 5.
23 Roth, Menasseh, p. 269.
24 Wolf, Restoration, p. 5.
25 Clyde, p. 262 and 271; Thurloe, in, p. in.
26 Firth, Last Years, I, p. 79; Trimble, p. 104; Baschet 31/3/101, 10 December 1657.
27 Abbott, IV, p. 368.
28 C.S.P. Domestic 1656-7, p. 229 and p. 305; Brown, Baptists, p. 101.
29 Nouvelles Ordinaires No. 3 54
30 Josselin, p. 112; Vaughan, II, P- 309
31 Fox, Journal, p. 105.
32 Abbott, III, p. 373.
33 C.S.P. Domestic 1656-7, p. 229;
34 Abbott, IV, p. 309.
35 See Kirby, Church Settlement,
36 Stearns, p. 401.
37 Carte, II, p. 80; Newbattle, II, GD 40/V/73; Proc. Roy. Med. Soc., XXIV, p. 1442.
38 Abbott, IV, p. 69.
39 Bate, II, p. 199; Carte, II, p. 90.
40 C.S.P. Venetian 1653-4, p- *77
41 C.S.P. Venetian 1655-6, p. 124; Warwick, p. 248; Pearson and Morant, p. 269; Reresby, p. 22.
42 Abbott, III, p. 589
43 Abbott, III p. 757
44 Ramsey, Henry, p. 86; Mercurius Politicus, i May 1656.
45 Brown, Baptists, p. 151.
46 Abbott, IV, p. 146.
47 C.S.P. Venetian 1654-5, p. 275;i
48 Ludlow, II, p. n.
49 Coate, Cornwall, p. 294; C.S.P. Venetian 1655-6, p. 261.
50 Abbott, IV, p. 258.
51 Foot, Cromwell.
21 A ROYAL SCEPTRE
1 Abbott, IV, p. 260.
2 Saillens, p. 209.
3 Ludlow, II, p. 20.
4 Josselin, p. in; C.S.P. Venetian 1655-6, p. 229.
5 Henfrey, p. 91 et seq.
6 Clyde, p. 285.
7 Firth, Last Years, 1, p. 85 et seq.
8 Abbott, IV, p. 894.
9 Newbattle, II, GD40/V/76.
10 Nickolls, Letters, p. 143.
11 Thurloe, VI, p. 19.
12 Thomason, Tracts, 8 April 1658-3 November 1659 fol. 8; Firth, Last Years, I, p. 116.
13 Mercurius Politicus, n February
14 Vaughan, II, p. 99; Abbott, IV, p. 388.
15 Clarke, I’ll, p. 88; Thurloe, VI, p. 15 and 101; Baschet 31/3/101, i February 1657.
16 Abbott, IV, p. 417.
17 Clarke, in, p. 93.
18 Thurloe, VII, p. 182; Ramsey, Henry, p. 161.
19 Thurloe, V, p. 146; Ramsey, Studies, p. 172; Lansdowne MSS 821 Ł321; C.S.P. Domestic 1656-7, p. 322.
20 Ramsey, Studies, p. 38.
21 Brown, Baptists, p. 114; Committee for Compounding, Vol. 2, No. 55, p. 115.
22 Lansdowne MSS 821 f. 57; Burnet, History, I, p. 124.
23 Carlingford Papers, 5 March 1659.
24 Firth, Last Years, 1, p. 210.
25 Guizot, II, p. 272.
26 Abbott, IV, p. 414.
27 Abbott, IV, p. 414 and 418.
28 Thurloe, VI, p. 74; Nicholls, Letters, p. 141.
29 Capp, p. 119; Vaughan, II, p. 121.
30 C.S.P. Venetian 1657-9, p- 35; Thurloe, VI, p. 157.
31 Cromwelliana, p. 163; Mercurius Politicus, 26 March
32 Abbott, IV, p. 445; Thurloe, VI, p. 170.
33 Thurloe, VI, p. 219.
34 Mercurius Politicus, 9 April 1657; Abbott, IV, p. 484.
35 Vaughan, II, p. 147; Baschet 31/3/101, 26 April 1657; C.S.P. Venetian 1657-9, P- 45
36 Thurloe, VI, p. 219; Lansdowne MSS 822 f. 57; Baschet 31/3/101, 16 May 1657.
37 Thurloe, VI, p. 243; Vaughan, II, pp. 150 and 154.
38 Ludlow, II, p. 25.
39 Thurloe, VI. p. 287; Whitelocke, IV, p. 288.
40 Mercurius Politicus, 7 May 1657; Abbott, IV, p. 512.
41 Abbott, IV, p. 509-10.
42 Lansdowne MSS 822 f. 75 and f. 108.
43 Thurloe, V, p. 146.
44 Lansdowne MSS 822 f. 12; Phillips, Captains, p. 328.
45 Burton, Diary, II, p. 305.
46 Mercurius Politicus, 25 June 1657.
47 Pugh, Prophecies; Thomason, Tracts, 8 April 1658-3 November 1659, f. 9
48 Kermode, Milton’s Hero.
22 OLD OLIVER, NEW IDEAS
1 Lansdowne MSS 822, f. 100.
2 Evelyn, I, p. 326; Trevor-Roper, Religion, p. 249.
3 Hill, Intellectual Origins, p. 121.
4 See Vincent, State and School, Ch. IX.
5 British Museum, Add. MSS. 32903 f. 399; James, Social Problems, p. 318; Kearney, p. 121.
6 Howell, p. 330 et seq.; Abbott, II, p- 397
7 See Turnbull, Cromwell’s College.
8 Webster, Decimalisation.
9 Whiting, p. 26.
10 Hill, God’s Englishman, p. 274.
11 Hughes, Studies, p. 119 et seq.
12 Ashley, Financial, p. 3.
13 Abbott, IV, p. 721.
14 Ashley, Financial, pp. 47-8; Guizot, II, p. 583.
15 James, Social Problems, p. 114.
16 C.S.P. Domestic 1653-4, p. 128; Darby, Draining, p. 80.
17 Nef, Coal Industry, p. 218; James, Social Problems, p. 145.
18 Newton, Three Reports.
19 Nef, Coal Industry, p. 339.
20 Agnew, I, p. 316.
21 Clarke, in, p. xv.
22 Andreades, pp. 26-7
; Scott, I, p. 201.
23 Nicoll, Diary, p. 200; Roundhead Officers, p. 91.
24 Clarke, II, p. 242; Brief Lives, II, p. 72; Osborne, p. 138; Clarendon, VI, p. 154; Scotland and Commonwealth, p. 323.
25 See Roundhead Officers; Fraser Wardlaw MSS.
26 Burnet, History, I, p. 104.
27 Exchequer Register Ł8/10/5.
28 Scotland and Protectorate, p. 367Cromwellian Union, p. Ixvi.
29 Nef, Coal Industry, p. 218.
30 Scott Thomson, p. 139; Guizot, II, p. 576.
31 Gower Letters, D/868/8 nos. ii and 12.
32 Staffs. R.O. D/868/5; Hardacre, p. 120; Scholes, p. 144; Clarke, II, p. 142.
33 Noble, I, p. 146.
34 Margoliouth, I, pp. 125 and 331
35 Ashley, Charles II, p. 148; Bate, II, p. 191.
36 Fletcher, p. 214; Ludlow, II, p. 32; Scholes, p. 145.
37 Whitelocke, IV, p. 289.
38 C.S.P. Domestic 1657-8, p. 232; Firth, House of Lords, pp. 248-54.
39 C.S.P. Domestic 1657-9, p. 232; Abbott, IV, p. 705.
40 Firth, House of Lords, p. 253.
41 Northcote, p. xxxv.
42 Abbott, IV, p. 712.
43 Burghclere, I, p. 488; Underdown, Conspiracy, p. 217.
44 Abbott, IV, p. 727.
45 Thurloe, VII, p. 811.
46 Abbott, IV, p. 728.
47 Abbott, IV, p. 735
48 .S.P. Venetian 1657-9, p. 167; Guizot, II, p. 499.
23 THE GREAT CAPTAIN
1 Thurloe, VII, p. 217.
2 C.S.P. Venetian 1657-9, p- 44’, C.S.P. Domestic 1657-8, p. 306; Thurloe, VII, p. 72
3 C.S.P. Venetian, 1657-9; StaffsR.O. D/868/5/49.
4 C.S.P. Domestic 1657-8, P- 5* and xxxii.
5 Baschet 31/3/102, 3 June 1658; C.S.P. Domestic 1657-8, P- 202.
6 Guizot, II, p. 378.
7 Baschet 31/3/102, 6 June 1658.
8 Gower Letters D/868/8 fol. 8.
9 Thurloe, VII, p. 198; Abbott, IV, p. 278.
10 Thurloe, VII, p. 249; Stearns, 405
11 Slingsby, p. 218 et seq.
12 Baschet 31/3/102, 13-14 June 1658.
13 Vaughan, II, p. 468; Clarke, I’ll, p. 153; Evelyn, I, p. 345; Carrington, p. 210.
14 Abbott, IV, p. 858; Thurloe, VII, p. 194
15 Bate, II, p. 233; Heath, Flagellum, p. 194; Clarendon, VI, p. 90; Landsdowne MSS 821 f. 103; Thurloe, VII, p. 171.
16 Heath, Flagellum, p. 194.
17 Margoliouth, I, p. 130; Carrington, p. 264; Ramsey, Studies, p. 5.
18 Thurloe, VII, p. 298.
19 Ramsey, Studies, p. 24 and p. 16; Carrington, p. 219.
20 Mercurius Politicus, 5 August 1658; Stanley, p. 209.
21 Lansdowne MSS 823, f. 89; Carrington, p. 219.
22 Account of Last Hours, p. n.
23 Abbott, IV, p. 859, fn. 225; Fox, Journal, I, p. 327.
24 Clarke, in, p. 150; Baschet 31/3/102, 12 August 1658.
25 Thurloe, VII, p. 269.
26 Thurloe, VII, pp. 320 and 309.
27 Thurloe, VII, p. 363.
28 Heath, Flagellum, p. 195.
29 Thurloe, VII, p. 340 and 354.
30 C.S.P. Venetian 1657-9, P- 237 and 239; Cartwright, p. 143.
31 Whitelocke, IV, p. 335.
32 Thurloe, VII, p. 362-3; p. 365.
33 Thurloe, VII, p. 366-7.
34 Masson, V, p. 358; Ludlow, II, P- 43
35 See Account of Last Hours.
36 Thurloe, VII, p. 375; Ludlow, II, p. 43; Burnet, History, I, p. 89; Bate, II, p. 236.
37 Bate, II, p. 234.
38 Mercurius Politicus, 2 September 1658; Thurloe, VII, p. 373; Whitelocke, IV, p. 335; Owen, Labouring Saints.
24 CROMWELL’S DUST
1 Mercurius Politicus, 2 September 1658; Downing, p. 6; Thurloe, VII, p. 374
2 Thurloe, VII, p. 373, P- 374; Chandos, p. 516.
3 Thurloe, VII, p. 375 and 437.
4 Clarke, in, p. 161; Mercurius Politicus, 2 September 1658; True and Faithful Narrative.
5 Thomas, Religion, p. 298.
6 Thurloe, VII, p. 395; Hutchinson, p. 345.
7 Noble, I, p. 289; Mercurius Politicus, 16 September 1658; Varley, Latter End, p. 24
8 Bate, II, p. 236; Heath, p. 199; C.S.P. Venetian 1657-9, P- 268; Carrington, p. 344; Clarke, in, p. 167; Pearson and Morant, P- 34
9 Ludlow, II, p. 47; Nickolls, Progresses, IV, p. 1036 et seq.
10 Mercurius Politicus, 14 October 1658.
11 Brief Lives, II, p. 10.
12 Vaughan, II, p. 341; Milnes-Coates MSS.
13 Firth, Cromwell’s Army, p. 233; Mercurius Politicus, 18 November 1658; Evelyn, I, p. 364.
14 C.S.P. Venetian 1657-9, P- 268; Asliley, Financial, p. 105; Hill, Cod’s Englishman, p. 192; Stanley, p. 160, fh. 7.
15 Barnard, Throckmorton, p. 53.
16 Slingsby, p. 356; Heath, Chronicle, p. 744.
17 D.N.B.
18 Ramsey, Richard, p. 163; Noble, I, p. 176.
19 C.S.P. Venetian 1657-9, P- 285; Cromwelliana, p. 185; Waylen, p. 20.
20 Noble, I, p. 147; Ramsey, Studies, p. 59.
21 Noble, I, p. 233.
22 Harrison, Cromwell, p. 35.
23 Roosevelt, Cromwell, p. 240.
24 Waylen, p. 42.
25 Waylen, p. 257.
26 Piper, p. 37.
27 Margoliouth, n, p. 7.
28 Mercurius Politicus, 31 January 1661; Evelyn, I, p. 364.
29 Varley, Latter End, p. 50; Pearson and Morant, p. 46 et seq.
30 Account of Last Hours, p. 12.
31 Banks, Cromwell, p. 212; Lockinge, Naseby, p. 119.
32 Stanley, p. 206; Banks, Cromwell, p. 212.
33 Pepys, Diary, 13 October 1664.
34 Varley, Latter End, p. 55; Pearson and Morant, p. 45.
35 The Times, London, July 1969.
36 See Pearson and Morant, p. 59 et seq.
37 Dickson Wright, Cromwell’s Head, p. 13.
38 Reliquiae, I, p. 98; de Beer, Recent Works.
39 Rosebery, p. 4.
40 Account of Last Hours, p. 3.
41 Masson, IV, p. 591.
42 Account of Last Hours, p. 5.
43 Reliquiae, I, p. 90; Bate, H, 240; Whitelocke, I, p. 346.
44 Firth, Oliver, p. 362.
45 Reresby, p.22
Reference Books
This list is not intended as a full bibliography, increasingly impracticable on this subject as the years go by for reasons of space, but merely to give details of works cited in brief in the references. For Cromwell himself, the reader is referred to W. C. Abbott, A Bibliography of Oliver Cromwell, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1929, supplemented by the same writer’s Addenda to Bibliography Appendix to Volume IV of his Writings and Speeches; and P. H. Hardacre, Writings on Oliver Cromwell since 1929, Journal of Modern History, Vol. XXXIII, 1961. For the period: Godfrey Davies (ist edition) and Mary Frear Keeler (2nd edition) Bibliography of British History, Stuart period 1603-1714, Oxford, 1970.
Abbott, W. C., Writings and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, 4 Vols. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1937-47.
An Account of the Last Hours of the late Renowned Oliver Lord Protector …Drawn up and published by one who was an Eye and Ear-Witness of the most part of it, 1659.
Advocates MSS, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.
Agathocles. The Sicilian Usurper. A Poem. 1683.
Agnew, Rev. David C.A., Protestant Exiles from France in the Reign of Louis XIV, 1871.
Albright, Margaret, The Entrepreneurs of Fen draining in England under James I and Charles I: an illustration of the uses of influence. Explorations in Entrepreneurial History. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Vol. 8, 1955
Andreades, A., History of the Bank of England, 1909.
Andrews, C. M., British Committees, Commissions and Councils of Trade and Plantations, 1622-7$, Baltimore, 1908.
Ashe, Simeon, A Continuation of True Intelligence. F
rom the English and Scottish Forces in the North etc., 1644.
Ashley, Maurice, Charles II, 1971.
Ashley, Maurice, Cromwell’s Generals, 1954.
Ashley, Maurice, Financial and Commercial Policy under the Cromwellian Protectorate, 2nd edition, 1962.
Ashley, Maurice, The Greatness of Oliver Cromwell, 1957
Ashley, Maurice, John Wildman, 1947.
Aylmer, G. E., Was Cromwell a Member of the Army in 1646-7 or Not? History, Vol. 56, 1971.
The Letters and Journals of Robert Baillie, A.M., Principal of the University of Glasgow 1637-62, 3 Vols., Edinburgh, 1841.
Baldock, It. Col. T. S., RA, Cromwell as a Soldier, Wolseley Series, Vol. 5, 1899
Banks, John, A Short Critical Review of the Political Life of Oliver Cromwell, 1740.
Barnard, E. A. B. (ed.), A Seventeenth Century Country Gentleman (Sir Francis Throckmorton 1640-80), 2nd edition, Cambridge, 1948.
Memoirs of the Life of Mr Ambrose Barnes, Surtees Society, 1867.
Baschet Foreign Transcripts, Public Record Office, London.
Bastide, Charles, The Anglo-French Entente in the 17th Century, 1914.
Bate, Dr George, Elenchus Motuum Nuperorum in Anglia, 2 Vols., 1685.
Beard, Thomas, A retractive from the Romish religion, 1616.
Beard, Thomas, The Theatre of God’s Judgements, 1597.
Beckwith, Ian, Gainsborough during the Great Civil War, Gainsborough Urban District Council, 1969.
Beer, E. S. de, Some Recent Works on Oliver Cromwell, History, New Series, Vol. 23.
Berkeley, Memoirs of Sir John Berkeley, 2nd edition, 1702.
Bethel, Slingsby, The World’s Mistake in Oliver Cromwell, 1689.
Birch, Thomas, Life of the Honourable Robert Boyle, 1744.
Birley, Robert, The Undergrowth of History. Historical Association, 1955.
Blencowe, R.W. (ed.), Sidney Papers, 1825. Borshak, Elie, Early Relations between England and Ukraine, Slavonic Review, Vol. X.
Bohn, H. G.,The Poetical Works of John Milton, 1861.
Bottigheimer, Karl, Civil War in Ireland: the Reality in Munster, Emory University Quarterly, Summer 1966.
Bowie, John, The English Experience, 1971.
The Parliamentary Diary of John Boys 1647-8, Edited by David Underdown, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, Vol. XXXLX, 1966.
Dennis Brailsford, Sport and Society: Elizabeth to Anne, 1969. “Brief Lives”, chiefly of contemporaries, set down by John Aubrey, between the years 1669 and 1696, Edited by Andrew Clark, 2 Vols., 1898.