Tillemont, Sébastien Le Nain de (1637–98), 161
Tillotson, John (1630–94), Archbishop of Canterbury (1691–94), 254, 570
Tindal, Matthew (1657–1733), 571
Tintoretto, Jacopo Robusti (1518–94), 433
Tirol, 420
Tirso de Molina (Gabriel Téllez: 1571?–1648), 118
Tite et Bérénice (Corneille), 132
Titian (Tiziano Vecelli: 1477–1576), 87, 250, 436
Titus (Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus), Roman emperor (r. A.D.78–81), 132, 137
tobacco, 275
Toland, John (1670–1722), 568–69, 570
Toledo, Spain, 47, 437, 448
Archbishop of (1700), 453
Toleration, Act of, see Act of Toleration Torah, 621
Torbay, 296
Torcy, Jean Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de (1665–1746), 701, 710, 713
Torgau, Saxony, 405, 406, 419
Tories, 305, 308, 309, 313, 327, 343, 345, 346, 582
beginning of, 247, 279
oppose Hanoverian succession, 310
and Swift’s adherence to, 331, 352–54, 356, 357
urge peace in War of Spanish Succession, 309, 330, 353, 713
Torricelli, Evangelista (1608–47), 56, 495, 498, 500, 511
Toulon, 101, 710
Toulouse, Louis Alexandre, Comte de (1678–1737), 716
Touraine, province of, 695
Tournai, Hainaut, 42, 43, 164, 712
Tours, 23, 36, 74, 89, 695
Tour through England and Wales (Defoe), 336
Tour through the Whole Island of Great Britain (Defoe), 337
Tourville, Anne Hilarión de Cotentin, Comte de (1642–1701), 693
Towneley, Richard (fl. 1662), 512
Tractatus de Motu Corporum ex Percussione (Huygens), 510
Tractatus theologico-politicus (Spinoza), 484, 494, 625–30, 631, 635, 636, 640, 650, 656, 657
Traité de la lumière (Huygens), 514
Traité de l’éducation des filles (Fénelon), 82, 487
Traité de l’homme (Descartes), 602
Traité des sensations (Condillac), 599
Transylvania, 421–23, 425
Trappe, La, Monastery of, 47, 79
Trappist order, 47
Travels in Persia (Chardin), 508
Travendal, Peace of (1700), 384
Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, A (Berkeley), 593
Treatise of True Religion, A (Milton), 239
Treatise on the Immortality of the Soul, A (Silva), 477
Treatises on Government (Locke), 579
Trent, Council of, 104, 431, 666
Trier, 692
Trinity College, Cambridge, 265, 322, 487, 490, 492, 519, 531
Trinity College, Dublin, 319, 346, 593, 594
Trinity College, Oxford, 265
Triple Alliance (England, Sweden, United Provinces, 1668), 43, 175, 331
Tromp, Cornells, Admiral (1629–91), 179
Tromp, Maarten Harpertszoon, Admiral (1597–1653), 171, 172
Troupe de Monsieur (later Troupe du Roi), 107, no, 115, 126, 132
Troupe Royale, 105, 109, 111, 113, 114, 134–35
Troy, Jean François de (1679–1752), 98
True-born Englishman, The (Defoe), 336
True Intellectual System of the Universe, The (Cudworth), 482, 574
True Leveller’s Standard Advanced, The (Winstanley), 185
Tsaritsyn (Stalingrad), Russia, 375
Tsarskoe Selo, Russia, 397
Tschirnhaus, Count Ehrenfried Walter von (1651–1708), 498, 513, 632
Tubingen, University of, 520
Tuby, Jean Baptiste (1630–1700), 99
Tudor, house of, 313
Tudor, Mary, see Mary I
Tuileries, Jardins des, 92, 100
Palais des, 23, 32, 91
Tulchyn, Ukraine, 467
Tuln, 423
tuning fork, 513
Turenne, Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne, Vicomte de (1611–75), 36, 41, 96, 98, 151
conversion to Catholicism, 76
and the Fronde, 8, 9, 10
Netherlands campaign (1674–75), 43–44, 176
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron de l’Aulne (1727–81), 78, 690
Turin, 433, 444, 708
Turkey, see Ottoman Empire
Tuscany, grand duchy of, 455, 508, 708
Two Sicilies, kingdom of the, 700
Tyrannic Love (Dryden), 314
Tyrconnel, Richard Talbot, Earl of (1630–91), 302
Tyson, Edward (1650–1708), 523
Überweg, Friedrich (1826–71), 655
Uccello, Paolo (1397–1475), 435
Udine, Giovanni da (Giovanni Ricamatore: 1499–1564), 94
Ukraine, 370, 371, 373, 374, 386, 387, 425, 467, 468, 472
Ulacq, Adrian (fl. 1652), 230, 231–32
Ulcinj, Albania, 474
Ulozhenie of 1649, 375
Ultramontanes, 49, 81, 83, 85
Unigenitus (papal bull), 69
Union Jack, 308
Unitarians, 80, 167, 194, 301, 414, 567, 589, 590
United Kingdom of Great Britain, 308, 311
United Provinces (Dutch Republic), 3, 84, 164, 165–68, 177–80, 411, 412, 577, 578, 718
colonies, 166, 171, 172, 174, 259
economic conditions in, 166, 173
education and learning in, 483, 485, 486, 591, 605
and England, 175, 178, 179, 205, 261, 295, 367, 692, see also wars of England against below
foreign commerce and shipping, 24, 44, 166, 171–76
passim, 205, 259, 261, 448, 690, 700, 705, 714
French designs on, 41, 42, 426, see also wars of France against below
in Grand Alliance against France (1689, 1701), 178, 693, 703, 705, 706, 713
in Great Coalition against France (1672–74), 43, 179
Jews of, 457–59, 461
in League of Augsburg (1686), 180, 691, 693
navy, 171, 174, 176, 262, 693
Perpetual Edict (1667) against house of Orange, 175, 178
and Peter the Great’s visit to, 380–382, 405
religion and freedom of worship, 53, 71, 73, 75, 80, 167, 301, 302, 458, 484, 589, 620, 622, 625, 630, 631
and Spanish Netherlands “barrier towns,” 703, 708, 710, 713
and Spanish succession, 700–5
passim, see also War of Spanish Succession below
States General, 165, 172, 173, 174, 178, 179, 205, 296, 692, 703, 704, 705, 707
in Triple Alliance (1668) against France, 43, 175
wars of England against (1652–54, 1664–67, 1672–1674), 172–76
passim, 179, 276–77, 286
war of France against (1672–78), 36, 43–44, 93, 175–79
passim , 278, 279, 295, 368, 632, 661, 662, 720
in War of Grand Alliance (1689–1697), 693, 699
in War of Spanish Succession (1701–13), 706, 707, 708, 710, 713, 714
wars with Sweden (1658, 1672), 367, 368
United States, 566, 583
universities, 486–87, 495, 497, 692
Uppsala, 495
Uraniborg, 503
Urban II (Odo of Lagcry), Pope (r. 1088–99), 76
Urban VIII (Maffeo Barberini), Pope (r. 1623–44), 54
Urfé, Honoré d’ (1568–162;), 142
Urquhart, Sir Thomas (1611–60), 207
Ussher, James (1581–1656), Archbishop of Armagh (1625–56), 78, 493
Utande, Gregorio (17th cent.), 450–51
Utrecht (city), 168, 176, 632
Peace of (1713), 713–15
passim; Union of (1579), 620
Utrecht (province), 179
Utrecht Te Deum (Handel;, 268
Uzès, France, 133
vacuum, 511, 516–18
Vaga, Perino del (Pietro Buonaccorsi: 1501–1547), 94
Val-de-Grace, Church of, Paris, 90, 98, 264
Valdés Leal, Juan de (1630–90), 451–52
&
nbsp; Valencia, Spain, 448
Valenciennes, Hainaut, 44, 164
Valenzuela, Fernando (fl. 1670), 452
Valladolid, Spain, 280
Museum of, 450
Valois, house of, 3
Vanbrugh, Sir John (1664–1726), 317–19, 320
Vandyck, Sir Anthony (1599–1641), 87, 165, 265, 266, 288
Vane, “Sir Harry” (1613–62), 192, 246
Vanhomrigh, Hester (Swift’s “Vanessa”: 1687–1723), 356, 357–58, 360
Vanhomrigh, Mrs., 357, 386
Vanity of Dogmatizing, The (Glanvill), 574
Variations des églises protestantes (Bossuet), 666
Varro, Marcus Terentius (116–27? B.C.), 570
Vatican Palace, 94, 428, 435, 436, 439
Library, 441, 666
Vauban, Sébastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de (1633–1707), 17, 24, 41, 42, 74, 100, 176, 709, 712
Vaudois (Waldenses), 73, 194, 232, 430
Vauxhall Gardens, London, 275
Vaux-le-Vicomte, Chateau, 19, 87, 92, 96, 101
Velazquez, Diego Rodriguez de Silva y (1599–1660), 450
Innocent X portrait by, 98, 431, 435
Velde, Adriaen van der (1636–72), 169*
Velde, Willem II van der (1633–1707), 169*
Velen, Widow van (fl. 1670), 630
Velthuysen, Lambert van (fl. 1670), 630
Venables, Robert (fl. 1654), 200
Vendôme, Louis Joseph, Duc de (1654–1712), 525, 694, 710, 712, 714
Venice, 48, 433, 434, 436, 444, 484, 708
Jews of, 456, 475
and Turks, 424, 425, 433
Venice Preserved (Otway), 314–15
Venner, Thomas (fl. 1661), 246
Ventadour, Duchesse de (fl. 1714), 719
Verden, province of, 367, 389
Vermandois, Comte de, 37
Vermeer, Jan (1632–75), 169–71
Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari: 1528–88), 87, 97, 433
Versailles, 17, 89, 91–93, 162, 709
architecture of, 90–93
art works at, 45, 87, 88, 93, 94, 96–101
passim, 103, 496, 689
court life at, 15, 31–34, 40, 72, 160, 685, 711
extravagant cost of, 21, 92, 101, 711, 720
Hall of Mirrors (Galerie des Glaces), 32, 93, 95, 97, 433
landscaping of, 91–92
theatrical presentations at, 114, 120, 138
Verteuil, 155, 156
Vesalius, Andreas (1514–64), 481
Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy (r. 1675–1732), 430, 699, 709–10, 714
Vieira, Antonio (1608–97), 447–48
Vienna, 382, 407, 420, 435, 455, 464, 481, 664, 665
architecture of, 418, 426–27
French-Bavarian drive on, 706–7
Leibniz in, 669, 678
music, opera in, 419, 421
plague in (1679), 525
Turks’ attacks on, 45, 373, 420, 422, 423–24, 438, 665, 704
Viète or Vieta, François (1540–1603), 533*
Vignola, Giacomo (Giacomo Barocchio: 1507–1573), 264
Villa Borghese, Rome, 100
Villa Nova, Countess of (fl. 1644), 446
Villars, Claude, Duc de (1653–1734), 73, 711, 713, 714, 717
Villaviciosa, battle of (1710), 712
Villeroi, François de Neufville, Duc de (1644–1730), 704, 706–8
passim
Villiers, Barbara, see Castlemaine, Countess of Villiers, Elizabeth (1567?–1633), 179, 295
Vincennes, 8
fortress of, 15, 54
Vincent de Paul, Saint (1581?–1660), 76, 79, 85
Vinci, Leonardo da (1452–1519), 507, 510*, 514, 517
Vindication (Manasseh ben Israel), 462
Vineam Domini (papal bull), 68
Virgil (70–19 B.C.), 147, 153, 241, 342
Virginia colony, 253
Vitali, Tommaso (fl. 1666), 443
Vitart, Nicolas (fl. 1657), 133
Vitebsk, 467
Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus (1st cent. B.C.), 264
Vivaldi, Antonio (1680?–1743), 419, 433
Vladimir, Russia, 385
Volga river, 402, 405
Voltaire (François Marie Arouet: 1694–1778):
LIFE AND WORK: 161, 307, 321, 391, 487, 571, 601, 613, 619
and Bayle, 613
Frederick II’s letters to, 161, 391
and Leibniz, 663, 672, 677
Ninon de Lenclos’s bequest to, 30
Locke’s influence on, 582, 667
religious, philosophic outlook, 86, 128, 547, 571, 582, 597, 613, 651, 656, 667
writings of, 337, 547, 564, 614, 672, 677
OPINIONS, NOTES, COMMENTS: 8, 11, 37, 48, 104–5, 176, 309*, 312, 423, 505, 527, 572, 687*, 704
on Addison’s Cato, 345
on Charles II of England, 206, 251
on Christina, 440
on Corneille, 143
on Innocent XI, 431–32
on Locke, 587–88
on Louis XIV, 88, 162, 689, 702, 719
on Molière, 106, 107
on Newton, 536, 541, 542, 545, 546
on Palatinate, French devastation of, 692
on Provincial Letters, 60
on Racine, 138, 141
on Swift, 351
Voorburg, Holland, 625
Voronezh, 379
Vossius, Dionysius (fl. 1630), 459
Vossius, Isaac (Isaac Voss: 1618–89), 129
Vouet, Simon (1590–1649), 96
Voyer d’Argenson, see Argenson
Vries, Simon de (1633?–67), 623
Wadham College, Oxford, 263
Wakeman, Sir George (fl. 1680), 283
Wakefield, Yorkshire, England, 198
Waldeck, Count George Frederick of (fl. 1654), 412
Waldenses, see Vaudois
Wales, 257
Wall, English physicist (fl. 1708), 515
Wallachia, 423
Waller, Edmund (1606–87), 265, 496
Wallis, John (1616–1703), 57, 496, 498, 500, 510, 512, 533, 562
Walpole, Horace, 4th Earl of Orford (1717–1797), 265
Walsingham, Sir Francis (1530?–90), 460
Walter, Lucy (1630?–58), 247, 284
Walton, Izaak, (1593–1683), 207
Waring, Jane (fl. 1695), 347, 348
Warmbrunn, Silesia, 419
War of Devolution (1667–68), 21, 42–43, 175, 422
War of the Mantuan Succession (1628–31), 4, 456
War of the Palatinate, see Palatinate
War of the Spanish Succession (1701–13), 11, 437, 445, 704–5, 706–15, 717
effects of Huguenot suppression on France in, 73, 75
Jews and, 457, 464
Marlborough accused of profiting by, 307, 353, 713
and the Pope, 432, 700–1, 708
Warsaw, 366, 367, 371, 374, 506
Wars of Charles XII, The (Defoe), 336
Wars of Religion, see Religious Wars
Washington family, in America, 183
Washington, George (1732–99), 341
Waterford, Ireland, 186
Watteau, Jean Antoine (1684–1721, 99
Way of the World, The (Congreve), 315, 319–20
Weenix, Jan II (1640?–1719), 169*
Weimar, duchy of, 485
Wends, 412
Wenham, Jane (fl. 1712), 482
Werff, Adriaen van der (1659–1722), 169*
Wertheimer, Samson (1658–1724), 464
West Africa, 26
West Indies, 25, 26, 200, 290, 458, 700, 705
West Jersey colony, 256
Westminster, 190, 260, 263
Treaty of (1674), 279
Westminster Abbey, 161, 245, 246, 265, 267, 321, 327, 329, 334, 545
Westminster Confession, 589
Westminster Hall, 245, 563
Westminster Palace, 193, 203
Westminster School, 321, 576
Westphalia, Peace of
(1648), 200, 372, 412, 416, 432, 464, 483, 714
Mazarin and French gains from, 4, 129
Dutch gains from, 164, 171, 458
West Prussia, 366–67
West Riding, Yorkshire, 257
Wexford, county of, Ireland, 186, 187
Wharton, Thomas, Earl of (1648–1715), 353
Whichcote, Benjamin (1609–83), 573
Whigs, 282, 305, 308, 313, 326, 342, 343, 345, 346
begining of, 247, 279*
for Hanoverian succession, 310
against James as successor to Charles II, 282–86
and Locke’s philosophy, 580, 582
and Swift, 331, 352–54, 356
and War of Spanish Succession, 330, 353, 713
Whiston, William (1667–1752), 571
White, ex-priest, author (fl. c. 1666), 561
Whitehall Palace, 190, 191, 206, 260, 281, 297, 334, 462
Whitehead, Alfred North (1861–1947), 528
Whitelocke, Bulstrode (1605–75), 190
Wicklow, county of, Ireland, 187
wigs, 27, 273
Wilanów, Poland, 374
Wild Gallant, The (Dryden), 322
William I the Silent of Orange and Nassau, Dutch Stadholder (r. 1579–84), 165–66, 177
William II of Orange, Dutch Stadholder (r. 1647–50), 166, 173, 177
William III of Orange, Dutch Stadholder (r. 1672–1702) and King of England (r. 1689–1702), 171, 177–80, 254, 265, 266, 295–305, 306, 312, 313, 336, 505, 525
and alliances against France, 178–80
passim, 305, 691–93
passim, 703, 705
birth of, 166
Catholic powers’ support of against James II, 296, 432
character and manners of, 177, 305
death of, 305, 705
and dethronement of James II, 179–80, 295–99, 335, 458, 578, 579
and exclusion from office in Holland, 173, 175, 177, 178
and Huguenots, 74, 179, 296
and Ireland, 302–3, 305, 693
Jacobite attempts against, 302, 305, 705
and Jews, 458, 463
liaison of with Elizabeth Villiers, 179, 295
and Mary, 179–80, 280, 295, 297–98, 331, 578
military campaigns of against France, 178–79, 693, 694
and Parliament, 297–99, 301–3, 305, 310, 581, 692, 699, 703, 705
and Peter the Great, 380, 382
and religious toleration, 295, 301–3, 463
and Ryswick, Peace of, 699, 705
and Spanish-succession problem, 700, 704, 705
and the theater, 318, 321
and the de Witts, 173, 177, 178, 631
William II, Emperor of Germany (r. 1888–1918), 412
Williams, Roger (1603?–83), 483
Willis, Thomas (1621–75), 263–64, 522
Will’s Tavern (coffeehouse), London, 326, 339, 342
Willughby, Francis (1635–72), 519
Wilno, Poland, 371, 374, 465, 467, 468
Winchester School, 591