“For the clearing up of some knotty chronology, and some material on the life of Lizardi, I owe thanks to Dr. Rea Jefferson Spell, whose doctoral thesis, The Life and Works of José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi, was published by the University of Pennsylvania in 1931. Notes for a Biography of the Mexican Thinker, now used as a preface to the Barcelona edition, was written in the early 1840s by an anonymous author who contributes refreshing partisanship, indignation, and sympathy to his subject, but it is a little difficult to find one’s way around in.
“The first and best authority on the life of Lizardi is Don Luis González Obregón, distinguished Mexican critic and historian of literature, who wrote his first study of Lizardi as long ago as 1888. [Published by Oficias Tipografica de la Seretararía de Fomento, 1888.] Through his original researches he aroused interest in the almost lost history of Mexico’s unique novelist of manners and speech, and later studies have clarified some points and disposed of others for good. To Don Luis I offer my special thanks and acknowledgments.”
945.22 Morelos] José María Morelos (1765–1815), Roman Catholic priest turned leader of the Mexican War of Independence. He was captured by the Spanish in 1815 and executed by firing squad near Mexico City.
945.32 Mexico] Mexico City.
946.12–13 Hidalgo] Miguel Hidalgo (1753–1811), revolutionary Roman Catholic priest known as the father of the Mexican independence movement.
946.14 Philip VII] It was Ferdinand VII (1784–1833), not Philip VII, who was King of Spain, from 1813 until 1833, after a brief ascension in 1808 when the emperor Napoleon forced him to abdicate and imprisoned him in France for seven years.
947.2 Aldama, Jimínez, and Allende] Juan Aldama, José Mariano Jimínez, and Ignacio Allende, fellow revolutionaries with Miguel Hidalgo.
951.9 Bustamante] Carlos María Bustamante (1774–1848), publisher and lawyer who worked vigorously for Mexican independence and afterward to block a Mexican monarchy.
953.22 Calleja] Félix María Calleja (1753–1828), viceroy of New Spain, 1813–16.
955.35–37 Blanchard. . . education.”] Jean-Baptiste Blanchard (1731–1797) revised the theories on “natural” education that Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) presented in Émile, ou l‘education (1762).
956.5 Dr. Beristain] José Mariano Beristain (1756–1817), scholar, critic, and bibliographer of Spanish literature in the New World.
956.11–12 Torres Villaroel] Diego de Torres Villarroel (1693–1770), Spanish poet, playwright, and professor.
956.13–14 Guzman de Alfarache] Hero of Guzmán de Alfarache (1599–1604), picaresque novel by Mateo Alemán y de Enero (1547–1614).
966.25 Gil Blas] Hero of Histoire de Gil Blas (1715–47), picaresque novel by Alain-René Lesage (1668–1747).
966.25–26 Peregrine. . . Jones] The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751) and The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748) were written by Tobias Smollett (1721–1771); The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling (1729) was written by Henry Fielding (1707–1754).
974.8 Fantasies”] Fantastics and Other Fancies (1914) by Lafcadio Hearn (1850–1904), posthumous collection of stories and sketches from New Orleans newspapers.
974.21 The Cabin”] La Barraca (1898), social novel set among the poor and oppressed of the Valencia countryside, by the Spanish writer Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (1867–1928).
978.10 Mr. Saenz] Moisés Sáenz (1888–1941), educator, diplomat, and Mexican ambassador to Peru, was Porter’s friend in 1920–31.
978.40 Mr. Priestley’s] Herbert Ingram Priestley (1875–1944), longtime professor of Latin American history at the University of California.
983.37 Nous. . . Gasconne!”] “We are the children of Gascogne!”, a French song of resistance of the Hundred Years War (1337–1453).
988.4 Miss Brenner] Anita Brenner (1905–1974), born in Mexico and raised and educated in the United States, wrote several books and many essays on Mexican art, culture, and history.
988.10–11 Tina. . . Weston] Tina Modotti (1876–1942), Italian actress, political activist, and photographer, met Edward Henry Weston (1886–1958) in 1918 and became his favorite model as well as his lover.
988.30–31 Syndicate. . . Sculptors] Guild of muralists, led by Diego Rivera.
990.9 Siquieros] David Alfaro Siquieros (1896–1974), Mexican muralist.
990.13 Jean Charlot] Charlot (1898–1976), French painter and muralist who spent most of his working life in Mexico.
990.14 Merida] Muralist Carlos Mérida (1891–1984), one of the founders of the Syndicate.
990.15 Dr. Atl] Mexican nature artist Gerardo Murillo (1876–1964) called himself “Dr. Atl” to signify his sympathy with the indigenest movement.
990.30–31 Orozco. . . Abraham Angel] José Clemente Orozco (1883–1949), Mexican muralist; Abraham Ángel, Mexican painter (1905–1924) celebrated for his primitive style.
990.33 Xavier Guerrero] Painter and engraver (1896–1974); co-founder, with Siquieros, of El Machete, the official organ of the Syndicate.
993.7 Academy] The Academy of San Carlos, founded in 1785 in Mexico City.
995.23 Preparatoria] Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (National Preparatory School) in Mexico City, where Diego Rivera and other artists were commissioned in 1921 by José Vasconcelos, then minister of education, to decorate the schools; marked the beginning of the Mural movement.
997.19 Carmen] Title character of the opera Carmen (1875) by Georges Bizet (1838–1875).
998.4 Mr. Morrow’s town] Dwight W. Morrow (1873–1931), American ambassador to Mexico in 1927–30, built a weekend house in Cuernavaca and filled it with Mexican artifacts.
1000.4 Carleton Beals] Beals (1893–1945), Latin American correspondent for The Nation and author of dozens of works on revolution in Mexico and Central America.
1004.26 Archbishop Pascual Diaz] Pascual Díaz y Barreto (1876–1936), Archbishop of Mexico City in 1929–36, was often at odds with anticlerical Mexican administrations.
1007.6 1894] Porter, given to falsifying her age, was born in 1890, not 1894.
1010.1 The Land That Is Nowhere] See the Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu (sixth century B.C.): “The long journey ends at the land that is Nowhere, that is the true home.”
1010.3 a certain critic] Malcolm Cowley (1898–1989).
1010.8–9 newspaper. . . prints] Cowley referred to Porter’s early career as a “writer for several newspapers” in the second edition of his memoir Exile‘s Return (1934; revised 1951).
1011.15 Natalie Scott] Natalie Vivian Scott (1890–1957), American journalist, playwright, social worker, and university professor, was part of the artists’ colony in the French Quarter of New Orleans in the 1920s and of the expatriate colony in Mexico in the 1930s.
1011.16–17 William Spratling] American professor and silversmith (1900–1967) who copied pre-Colombian designs.
1011.24 Janice Biala] Polish-born American painter (1903–2000) who lived with Ford in the 1930s in France and the United States.
1013.24–27 E. M. . . . idea’.”] See “Joseph Conrad: A Note” (1920), in Abinger Harvest (1936).
Index
A | B | C | D | E
F | G | H | I | J
K | L | M | N | O
P | Q | R | S | T
U | V | W | X | Y | Z
Abélard, Pierre, 1014
Acapulco, Mexico, 962, 970, 998
Adams, Charles Francis, 689
Adams, Henry, 689
African Americans, 722, 726, 736–37, 750, 756, 781
African slaves, 963
Aguilar, Cándido, 899
Albany, N.Y., 524–26
Aldama, Juan, 947
Aldington, Richard, 576
Alembert, Jean d’, 945
Alexandria, Va., 781
Allende, Ignacio, 947
American Women’s Club, Paris, 685n
Americans, 554–55, 557, 562, 565, 573, 580, 687–91, 702–3, 706–8, 789, 870
AMTORG trading corporation, 841
Anarchis
m, 832–33, 864–65
Anderson, Sherwood, 550, 689
Ángel, Abraham, 990
Arber, Edward, 1014
Argentina, 708
Arizona, 548
Arnold, Benedict, 783
Astor, John Jacob, 524
Atl, Dr. (Gerardo Murillo), 990
Atlantic Monthly, 571, 585
Atomic bomb, 824, 828–29
Audubon, John James, 743, 756, 758–59, 764
Augustine, Saint, 647, 813, 818–19; Confessions, 811, 1014
Auld, Jessica Cather, 541–42
Austen, Jane, 611–12, 709; Mansfield Park, 1014
Austin, Texas, 1015
Authors Today and Yesterday, 1007
Aztecs, 614, 875, 884–85, 887, 889, 909, 924, 988
Baja California, 905
Baltimore, Md., 565, 674
Balzac, Honoré de, 549
Barcelona, Spain, 965
Baron, Rosa, 831, 838–39, 850, 856, 863
Bartók, Béla, 544
Barzun, Jacques, 624
Basel, Switzerland, 721, 725, 995, 1008, 1012
Bass, Sam, 738, 742
Baton Rouge, La., 757
Beach, Sylvia, 672–78
Beals, Carleton: The Stones Awake, 1000–1
Bean, Roy, 740
Beatty, Bessie, 837
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 549
Belgium, 721, 776
Benda, Julien, 608
Benedict XIV, 959
Béranger, Pierre-Jean de, 779
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 542
Beristain, José Mariano, 956, 966
Berlin, Germany, 835n, 1008, 1012
Bermuda, 721, 781, 1008
Bernhardt, Sarah, 1016
Best-Maugard, Adolfo, 909, 990
Biala, Janice, 1011
Bible, 541, 549, 959
Bilignin, France, 572
Blanchard, Abbé, 955
Blasco Ibáñez, Vicente: Mexico in Revolution, 974–77
Blood, Benjamin Paul, 539
Blum, Léon, 569
Boehme, Jacob, 555
Bolshevism, 894
Bonaparte, Josephine, 779
Books Abroad, 707
Boone, Daniel, 1009
Boston, Mass., 524–26, 620, 831, 835–36, 840–63
Boswell, James, 576; The Life of Samuel Johnson, 1014
Boulder, Col., 809
Boxer Rebellion, 836
Boyle, Kay, 997
Brady, Mathew, 529–30
Braque, Georges, 569
Breit, Harvey, 623–24
Brenner, Anita: Idols behind Altars, 987–92; The Wind that Swept Mexico, 1002–4
Breton, André, 569
Brinnin, John Malcolm: Dylan Thomas in America, 651–53
Britain, 526, 528–29, 590, 597, 601, 607, 642, 708, 757, 771–72, 893, 904, 981–82, 1002, 1011
Brontë, Emily, 611, 709; Wuthering Heights, 1014
Brown, E. K.: Willa Cather, 551
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 797–98
Browning, Robert, 797–98
Bruegel, Pieter: “The Fall of Icarus,” 691–92
Bryher (Annie Winnifred Ellerman), 675
Budapest, Hungary, 709
Bullfighting, 811, 813–19
Bullitt, William, 838
Bustamante, Carlos María, 951–52
Butler, E. M.: Rainer Maria Rilke, 666
Byron, George Gordon, 590
Caldwell, Erskine: Tobacco Road, 785
California, 624
Calleja, Félix María, 952–53, 957
Calles, Plutarco, 895, 903
Campeche, 893
Canada, 820
Cantú, Esteban, 905
Capmany, Rafael Zubarán, 903
Capone, Al, 830
Cárdenas, Lázaro, 995
Carranza, Venustiano, 872–73, 898–901, 903–4, 906, 936, 974–76, 981, 983, 990
Carillo, Felipe, 864, 873, 906–7, 1003
Carlyle, Jane, 576
Carlyle, Thomas, 523
Cather, Willa, 540–52; Alexander’s Bridge, 547–48; Death Comes for the Archbishop, 543, 549; “A Death in the Desert,” 551; “The Diamond Mine,” 547; A Lost Lady, 547; My Ántonia, 543; O Pioneers! 543, 548; Obscure Destinies, 543; “Paul’s Case,” 547, 551; The Song of the Lark, 543; The Troll Garden, 547, 551–52; Youth and the Bright Medusa, 543
Catholics, 579, 736–37, 879, 893–94, 896–97, 906, 941, 943–44, 957, 959–63, 988, 1002
Century, 715, 869, 1008
Cervantes, Miguel de, 972
Charles X, 779
Charlot, Jean, 990, 992
Chase, Marian Tyler, 859, 997
Chase, Stuart: Mexico, 997–99
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 628
Chekhov, Anton, 550, 671, 689
Chicago, Ill., 977, 1008
China, 579, 836, 929
Christianity, 579, 599–601, 604, 640, 723, 743, 745, 766, 768, 842, 847, 879, 884, 909, 946, 955, 959, 1010
Circe, 799–807
Civil War, U.S., 566, 570, 723, 745
Clement XII, 959
Cocteau, Jean, 558, 562, 632
Cody, William F., 689
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” 605
Colette, Sidonie-Gabrielle, 661–63
Communism, 570, 607–8, 832, 835–37, 839–40, 842, 852–53, 856–57, 894, 990, 996
Concentration camps, 542, 829
Connolly, Cyril, 611
Conrad, Joseph, 543, 1013
Constitution, U.S., 821
Constitutionalists (Mexico), 948, 956
Coolidge, Calvin, 986–87
Corelli, Marie (Mary Mackay), 576
Cortés, Hernán, 881, 884, 891, 996
Council of Cádiz, 946, 948, 950–51
Courbet, Gustave, 549
Covarrubias, Miguel: The Prince of Wales and Other Famous Americans, 985–87
Crane, Hart, 575
Crane, Stephen, 548, 689, 703
Crauford, John, 594
Creoles, 943, 954, 963
Crowe, Helen O’Lochlainn, 842, 845, 855
Crusades, 766–67
Cummings, E. E., 562
Cummins, H.A.C., 981
Czechoslovakia, 836
Dali, Salvador, 562, 569
Dante Alighieri, 549, 583, 628, 672, 692, 709, 774, 1014
Darwin, Charles, 600
David, Jacques-Louis, 778
Democracy, 573, 609, 820–22, 832, 874, 944
Democratic Party, 836
Dempsey, Jack, 987
Denver, Col., 1008, 1010
Diamond Lil, 742
Díaz, Pascual, 1004
Díaz, Porfirio, 876, 976, 980
Díaz Soto y Gama, Antonio, 873
Dickens, Charles, 527
Dickinson, Emily, 703, 709
Diderot, Denis, 945
Diego, Juan, 879–81, 883
Doheny, Edward, 904–5
Doolittle, Hilda (H. D.), 576
Dos Passos, John, 689, 842, 848–49, 859
Dostoevsky, Feodor, 583, 599, 689; The House of the Dead, 1015; The Possessed, 686
Douglas, Clifford Hugh, 580
Draper, Elizabeth, 590, 593–94
Dreiser, Theodore, 550
Dumas, Alexandre, fils, 1015; Camille, 1016
Durant, Kenneth, 841–42
Dürer, Albrecht, 692, 938
Edward VII, 741
Ehrmann, Herbert B., 847, 863
Einstein, Albert, 572
El Paso, Texas, 740–41
Eliot, George (Mary Ann Evans), 564
Eliot, T. S., 575, 578, 596–99, 602–4, 612, 672, 1015; “Little Gidding,” 774; The Waste Land, 603
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 527, 687, 689
Enciso, Jorge, 909
Encyclopedists, 599, 826–27
Episcopalians, 737
Erasmus, Desiderius, 599, 725, 946; The Praise of Folly, 1014
Erskine, Albert, 585
>
Evans, Ernestine, 580
Evans, Harry, 980–81
Evans, Rosalie Caden, 980–85
Fadiman, Clifton: This Is My Best, 716
Fall, Albert B., 903
Fascism, 570, 607, 820, 832
Federalists (Mexico), 960, 962
Ferdinand VII, 954
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 675
Flanders, 776
Flaubert, Gustave, 541, 549–50, 599, 719, 1015; Madame Bovary, 686
Flores (inquisitor), 955
Ford, Ford Madox (Ford Hueffer), 563, 585–86, 669–70, 672, 675, 1011; The Good Soldier, 670
Forster, E. M., 603, 607–9, 611–12, 709, 784, 1013, 1015; Abinger Harvest, 607–9; A Passage to India, 607; Two Cheers for Democracy, 607, 609
Fourmentelle, Catherine, 590
France, 527–29, 560–61, 569, 572, 590, 593, 607, 661–62, 711, 717n, 721, 756–57, 775–81, 825, 836, 893, 944, 959, 961, 1003, 1011
France, Anatole, 909
Francis, Saint, 599–600, 756, 759
Franco, Francisco, 570, 836, 847
Frank, Anne, 542
Frankfurter, Felix, 848
Frederick Augustus (Duke of York), 593
Freemasons, 959–60
French Revolution, 777, 944
Freud, Sigmund, 540, 549, 611, 659, 856
Fuller, Margaret, 527
Fuller, Alvan T., 833, 852
Galván, Amado, 991
Gamio, Manuel, 909, 990; Aspects of Mexican Civilization, 977–80
Garrick, David, 590, 593–94
Gazette, 962
Geismar, Maxwell: The Last of the Provincials, 550
Geneva, Switzerland, 526, 536
Gérard, François, 775, 779
Germany, 528–29, 560, 569, 572–73, 666, 707–8, 721, 831, 835n, 836, 994
Gide, André, 550, 662
Gil, Gabriel, 949, 951
Gluck, Christoph Willibald, 549
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 549
Gold, Michael, 842–43, 855–57
Golden Legend, The, 549
Goldman, Emma, 865–66
Goldsmith, Oliver, 593
Góngora, Luis de, 972
Gonzales, Pablo, 905, 907