11. 2nd and 3rd U. S. V. I. Regts. Order Books, Feb. 1865.
12. New York Times, Aug. 19 and Sept. 21, 1864; Bailey, p. 66.
13. Taylor, p. 59.
14. H.Q. Dist. of North Kansas. Spec. Ord. 47, March 7, 1865.
15. 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Letter Book, March 1865.
16. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 60.
17. 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, May 1865
18. Ibid.
19. Hull, p. 35.
20. O’Rielly, Henry. Memorial of …, N.Y., Jan. 8, 1858. Broadside.
21. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 2, pp. 709-10.
22. 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Letter Book, May 1865; Co. D, 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, June 1865.
23. 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Letter Book, May 1865; Co. C, 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, June 1865; OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 1, pp. 282-84.
24. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 523.
25. Ibid., pt. 1, pp. 273-74.
26. Ibid., pp. 279-80.
27. Ibid., pt. 2, p. 670.
28. Ibid., pt. 1, p. 282.
29. Ibid., pp. 316-17.
30. Bowles, pp. 10-23.
31. Watkins, p. 245.
32. Co. A, 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, May-June 1865; Richardson, p. 331.
33. Dixon, p 18.
34. Meline, pp. 42-43.
35. Dixon, p. 21.
36. U.S. Congress, 39th, 2nd sess. Senate Report 156, 1867, pp. 90-91.
37. Co. I, 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Muster Rolls and Record of Events, May-Nov. 1865.
38. 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Letter Book, July 19, 1865.
39. Union Vedette, July 20, 1865.
40. Co. I, 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Spec. Ord. No. 4, July 24, 1865.
41. Diary of Lieutenant William Y. Drew in Hebard and Brininstool, vol. I, p. 183.
42. Walker, p. 338.
43. Diary of Lieutenant William Y. Drew in Hebard and Brininstool, vol. I, p. 189.
44. Walker, p. 338.
45. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 1, p. 357.
46. Union Vedette, Aug. 4, 1865.
47. For more complete accounts of the Platte Bridge Fight, see Caspar Collins, by Agnes Wright Spring, and Fort Caspar, by Alfred J. Mokler.
48. Union Vedette, Aug. 11, Oct. 24, and Nov. 14, 1865.
49. Young, p. 43.
50. Dodge, p. 86.
51. Cos. A, C, E, and F, 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Muster Rolls and Record of
52. Events, May-Aug. 1865.
53. 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Letter Book, Sept.-Oct. 1865.
54. 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Nov. 29, 1865.
55. Cos. E and G, 3rd U. S. V. I. Regt. Descriptive Books.
56. 2nd U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, March 1865.
57. Minnich, p. 36.
58. Root, p. 505.
59. Ryus, p. 162.
60. Root, p. 508.
61. 2nd U. S. V. I. Regt. Letter Book, June 1865.
62. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 1, pp. 311-12.
63. Co. G, 2nd U. S. V. I. Regt. Spec. Ord. 42, Fort Dodge, June 14, 1865.
64. Cos. F and I, 2nd U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Books, May-Aug. 1865.
65. Army and Navy Journal, vol. 2, July 29, 1865, p. 773.
66. Frontier Scout, Sept. 7, 1865.
67. Mackey, p. 649.
68. New York Times, Sept. 15, 1865.
69. 68. H.Q. Dist. of the Upper Arkansas. Gen. Ord. No. 33, Aug. 18, 1865. 69 OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 1219.
70. Mackey, p. 649.
71. 2nd U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Oct.-Nov. 1865.
III. Oaths and Allegiances
1. Stanley, pp. 200-206.
2. OR, Ser. II, vol. 1, p. 170.
3. Ibid.
4. OR, Ser. II, vol. 4, p. 615.
5. Stanley, pp. 208-10.
6. OR, Ser. II, vol. 3, pp. 788-89.
7. Ibid., vol. 4, pp. 162-63.
8. Ibid., pp. 233, 343.
9. Ibid., p. 417.
10. Ibid., pp. 499,522, 542-43,546-47,550.
11. Ibid., pp. 563-70.
12. Ibid., pp. 593, 598.
13. Ibid., p. 621.
14. OR, Ser. II, vol. 5, pp. 240-41.
15. Ibid., p. 446.
16. Indianapolis Journal, June 12, 1863; Indianapolis Sentinel, June 15,1863.
17. OR, Ser. II, vol. 6, p. 31.
18. OR, Ser. III, vol. 3, p. 722.
19. OR, Ser. II, vol. 6, p. 808.
20. Ibid., vol. 7, p. 823.
21. Malone, p. 46.
22. OR, Ser. III, vol. 4, pp. 191-92, 200; 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, March 28,1864.
23. Keiley, pp. 55-67.
24. Malone, pp. 45-49.
25. Atwood, p. 364.
26. Diary of Captain Robert Benson, as reproduced in Month at Goodspeed’s, vol. 33, Jan.-Feb. 1962, pp. 94-95.
27. 27. OR, Ser. I, vol. 41, pt. 2, p. 619; H.Q. U.S. Army in the Field, Virginia, Spec. Ord. No. 82, Aug. 28,1864.
28. OR, Ser. III, vol. 4, p. 1037.
29. Ibid., p. 1185.
30. Army and Navy Journal, vol. 2, Aug. 27, 1864, p. 6.
31. OR, Ser. III, vol. 2, p. 1203.
IV. Soldiering on the Wide Missouri
1. 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Aug. 9,1864.
2. Musgrove, pp. 156, 158.
3. Ibid., pp. 158-59.
4. OR, Ser. I, vol. 41, pt. 2, pp. 737,813.
5. Dimon Letters, Aug. 29, 1864.
6. 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Sept. 8, 1864.
7. William Dowdy, Co. E, 1st U. S. V. I. Regt., Record of Military Service and Transcript of Court-Martial.
8. Dimon Letters, Aug. 29, 1864.
9. Butler, vol. 5, p. 10.
10. OR, Ser. I, vol. 41, pt. 3, p. 219.
11. Frontier Scout, June 29, 1865.
12. Dimon Letters, Sept. 29, 1864.
13. Frontier Scout, June 29, 1865.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., July 13, 1865.
16. Ibid., June 29, 1865.
17. OR, Ser. I, vol. 41, pt. 1, p. 155.
18. Drips, p. 97.
19. 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Letter Book, Oct. 31, 1864.
20. Dimon Letters, Oct. 14,1864.
21. Frontier Scout, June 29, 1865.
22. OR, Ser. I, vol. 41, pt. 4, p. 65.
23. Frontier Scout, June 29, 1865.
24. 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Oct.-Nov. 1864; Dimon Letters, Oct. 22, 1864.
25. 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Nov. 14, 1864.
26. Dimon Letters, Nov. 27, 1864.
27. 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Gen. Ord. No. 5, Fort Rice, Nov. 28, 1864.
28. Dimon Letters, Nov. 24, 1864.
29. 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Dec. 10, 1864.
30. Ibid., Dec. 11 and 22,1864.
31. Frontier Scout, June 22, 1865.
32. 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Jan. 6, 1865.
33. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 1, p. 637.
34. 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Feb. 1,1865.
35. Dimon Letters, Feb. 14, 1865.
36. 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Gen. Ord. No. 8, Fort Rice, March 3, 1865.
37. Dimon Letters, Dec. 14, 1864.
38. Frontier Scout, July 27,1865.
39. 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, March 25 and 30, 1865.
40. Dimon Memorandum Book and Diary, April 12, 1865.
41. Frontier Scout, June 22, 1865.
42. Dimon Memorandum Book and Diary, May 12, 1865.
43. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 434.
44. Frontier Scout, June 29, 1865.
45. OR, Ser. 1, vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 851.
46. Ibid., p. 961.
47. Frontier Scout, June 15, 1865.
48. Coe Collection, Yale University Library.
49. Frontier Scout, June 22, 1865.
50. Ibid., July 6, 1865.
51. OR, Ser. 1, vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 1091.
52. Drips, pp. 131-32.
53. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt
. 2, p. 1091.
54. Dimon Letters, Aug. 6, 1865.
55. Frontier Scout, July 27,1865.
56. Ibid., Aug. 3,1865.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid., Aug. 10, 24, and 31,1865.
59. Ibid., Sept. 7,1865.
60. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 2, pp. 1228-29.
V. “Give It Back to the Indians”
1. Butler, vol. 5, pp. 152-53.
2. 4th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, April-May 1865.
3. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 647.
4. Frontier Scout, Sept. 14,1865.
5. Co. C, 4th U. S. V. I. Regt. Muster Roll and Record of Events, July 1865.
6. U.S. Congress, 39th, 2nd sess. House Exec. Doc. 23, Washington, 1867, p. 43.
7. 4th U. S. V. I. Regt. Letter Book, Nov. 1865-March 1866.
8. U.S. Congress, 39th, 2nd sess. House Exec. Doc 23, Washington, 1867, p. 43.
9. Butler, vol. 5, p. 687.
10. 4th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, June 1866.
VI. From the Cimarron to the Powder
1. Dodge, pp. 78-80.
2. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 2, pp. 58,149, 306.
3. Co. A, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, June 1865.
4. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 146.
5. OR, Ser. II, vol. 8, pp. 124-26.
6. Cos. C and D, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Descriptive Books and Muster Rolls.
7. St. Louis Missouri Republican, Oct. 30,1865.
8. Holman, pp. 13-14.
9. Ibid., p. 15.
10. Ibid., p. 17.
11. U.S. Congress, 39th, 1st sess. House Exec. Doc. 58, 1866, p. 22.
12. Ibid.
13. Holman, pp. 18-19.
14. U.S. Congress, 39th, 2nd sess. Senate Rept. 156,1867, p. 96.
15. St. Louis Missouri Republican, Oct. 30,1865.
16. Ibid.
17. U.S. Congress, 39th, 1st sess. House Exec. Doc. 58,1866, p. 23.
18. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 1, p. 340.
19. Ibid., pp. 388-89.
20. Union Vedette, Oct. 12,1865.
21. Hafen and Hafen, Powder River Campaigns, p. 190.
22. Cos. C and D, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Fort Connor, D.T., Order Book, Oct. 28,1865.
23. Ibid., Gen. Ord. No. 6, Nov. 15,1865.
24. Ibid., Order Book, Jan.-July 1866.
25. Gatchell, pp. 48-52.
26. Co. D, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Descriptive Book.
27. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 1, p. 354.
28. 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Sept. 20,1865.
29. Co. F, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, July-Aug. 1866.
30. Young, p. 71.
31. U.S. Congress, 39th, 2nd sess. House Exec. Doc. 23,1867, p. 6.
32. Ibid., p. 5.
33. Co. D, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Plum Creek, N. T., Gen. Ord. No. 2, Aug. 7, 1866.
34. Co. C, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Aug. 28,1866.
35. 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Sept 18, 1866.
36. U.S. Congress, 39th, 2nd sess. House Exec. Doc. 23, 1867, p. 18.
VII. From Camp Douglas to Camp Douglas
1. Union Vedette, July 15, 1865.
2. 6th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, April 1865.
3. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 2, pp. 222,405,411.
4. 6th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, May 1865.
5. OR, Ser. I, vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 921.
6. Ibid., p. 976.
7. Ibid., p. 1060.
8. Cos. A, F, and G, 6th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Books, July 1865.
9. 6th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Nov. 28,1865.
10. Union Vedette, Jan. 20,1866.
11. Ibid., Aug. 1865-Jan. 1866.
12. Ibid., Oct. 9,1865.
13. Ibid., Oct. 10 and 12, 1865.
14. Ibid., Oct. 21,1865.
15. Ibid., Oct. 17,1865.
16. Ibid., Oct. 28,1865.
17. 6th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Sept. 1865-Feb. 1866.
18. O’Reilly, pp. 258-87.
19. Ware, pp. 572-76.
20. U.S. Secretary of the Interior. Annual Report, 1866, p. 207.
21. Ware, p. 576İ
22. Union Vedette, Nov. 13, 14, and 27, 1865.
23. Ibid., Dec. 20,1865.
24. Waters, p. 58.
25. Ibid., p. 59.
26. Co. A, 6th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, June 22, 1866.
27. Ibid., July 3, 1866.
28. Ibid., July 9 and Aug. 19, 1866.
29. Co. C, 6th U. S. V. I. Regt. Muster Roll and Record of Events, Aug. 1866.
30. U.S. Congress, 39th, 2nd sess. House Exec. Doc. 23, p. 12.
VIII. The Incredible Captain Shanks
1. Brown, D. A., The Bold Cavaliers, pp. 286-87.
2. Atlantic Monthly, vol. 16, 1865, p. 115.
3. OR, Ser. III, vol. 4, pp. 740, 756.
4. Atlantic Monthly, vol. 16, 1865, p. 109.
5. Ibid., pp. 115-16.
6. U.S. Congress, 39th, 2nd sess. House Exec. Doc. 50, Washington, 1867, p. 35.
7. Atlantic Monthly, vol. 16, 1865, p. 120.
8. U.S. Congress, 39th, 2nd sess. House Exec. Doc. 50, Washington, 1867, p. 62.
9. John T. Shanks, Co. I, 6th U. S. V. I. Regt. Record of Military Service.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Co. I, 6th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Aug. 31, 1865
13. Ware, p. 297.
14. Diary of Captain B. F. Rockafellow, in Hafen and Hafen, pp. 194-95.
15. John T. Shanks, Co. I, 6th U. S. V. I. Regt. Record of Military Service.
16. Thomas Ferrier, Co. B, 11th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry Regt. Record of Military Service.
17. Co. I, 6th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Jan.-Feb. 1866.
18. New York Times, Dec. 12, 1861; Harlow, pp. 309-16, 490-97.
19. Gleed, pp. 19-41.
20. Brown, D. A., Fort Phil Kearny, p. 136.
IX. Ohioans from Dixie: The Powder River Expedition
1. Crawford, pp. 39-41.
2. Official Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio, vol. XI, Akron, 1891, pp. 562-63.
3. Crawford, p. 75.
4. Ibid., p. 77.
5. Palmer, p. 197.
6. Adams, pp. 12-13.
7. Ibid., p. 12.
8. Ibid., pp. 8-9.
9. Co. E, 11th Ohio Cavalry Regt. Order Book. H.Q. Powder River Indian Expedition, North Platte, Gen. Ord. No. 1, Aug. 2, 1865.
10. Palmer, pp. 214-15.
11. Adams, pp. 14-15.
12. Humfreville, pp. 356-57.
13. Palmer, p. 216.
14. Adams, p. 15.
15. Ibid., p. 16.
16. Union Vedette, Jan. 20, 1866.
17. Grinnell, pp. 212-13.
18. Fort Kearney Herald, March 2, 1866.
19. Fairly complete documentary accounts of the Powder River Expedition may be found in Powder River Campaigns, by LeRoy R. and Ann W. Hafen.
20. 20. Adams, p. 20.
X. Blizzard March
1. Musgrove, p. 178.
2. Union Vedette, Oct. 5 and 26, 1865.
3. Musgrove, p. 182.
4. Ibid., pp. 183-84.
5. Ibid., p. 186.
6. Ibid., pp. 186-87.
7. Ibid., p. 188.
8. Ibid., p. 191.
9. Harper’s Weekly, April 21, 1866, pp. 249-50.
10. Musgrove, p. 194.
11. Ibid., p. 195.
12. Ibid., p. 198.
13. Ibid., pp. 199-200.
14. Union Vedette, Jan. 18 and 26, 1866.
15. Musgrove, p. 200.
16. G Co., 1st U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Jan. 1866.
17. Musgrove, p. 202.
18. Ibid., p. 219.
19. Adams, pp. 9-10.
20. Musgrove, p. 218.
21. Davis, p. 303.
22. Musgrove, p. 120.
XI. Last Man Out
1. Charles H. Hoyt, Co. H, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Record of Military Service.
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2. Co. H, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Fort Leavenworth, May 3, 1865.
3. 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, June 1865.
4. 5th U. S. V. I. Regt., H.Q. Detachment, Spring Creek, Kansas, Spec. Ord. No. 3, June 14, 1865.
5. 5th U. S. V. I. Regt., H.Q. Detachment, Fort Dodge, Muster Roll and Record of Events, July 1865.
6. Co. H, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, July-Aug. 1865.
7. OR, Ser. I, vol. 34, pt. 3, pp. 565, 712.
8. Co. H, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Order Book, Oct.-Nov. 1865.
9. Ibid., Jan. 26, 1866.
10. Charles H. Hoyt, Co. H, 5th U. S. V. I. Regt. Record of Military Service.
11. U.S. Congress, 39th, 2nd sess. House Exec. Doc. 23, 1867, p. 18.
XII. A Note on the Galvanized Confederates
1. OR, Ser. II, vol. 5, p. 845.
2. Ibid., vol. 7, p. 82.
3. OR, Ser. IV, vol. 3, p. 694; OR, Ser. II, vol. 7, p. 900.
4. OR, Ser. II, vol. 7, pp. 974, 1014.
5. Ibid., p. 1086.
6. Ibid., pp. 1113-14.
7. Ibid., pp. 1121-23.
8. OR, Ser. IV, vol. 3, pp. 822-25.
9. OR, Ser. II, vol. 7, p. 1268.
10. Ibid., vol. 8, pp. 124-26.
11. Ibid., p. 554.
12. Ibid., p. 358.
13. OR, Ser. IV, vol. 3, pp. 1011-12.
14. Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 1029, 1083.
Sources
AS THERE IS A paucity of published materials on the Galvanized Yankees, this work is of necessity based largely upon original records of the six regiments concerned. Regimental letter, order, and roster books of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th U.S. Volunteer Infantry in the National Archives furnished most of the detailed information. To clarify or expand certain incidents, the order and descriptive books of many companies, and service records of several individual officers and men, were also consulted.
In addition, the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies were useful for the organizational period of late 1864 and early 1865, and for military operations in the West on departmental, district, and sub-district levels.
Only one published account by an officer of the Galvanized Yankees was located, Captain Richard Musgrove’s Autobiography, privately printed in a very limited edition for his family. This, with the manuscript diary and personal letters of Colonel Charles Dimon in the Western Americana Collection, Yale University Library, furnished much human interest material for the two chapters concerning the 1st Regiment.