encomenderos, 8.1, 9.1

  encomienda system, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 10.1

  Encyclopedia (Diderot), 6.1, 6.2

  Engerman, Stanley L.

  England, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1

  bubonic plague in

  class distinctions of

  Dutch trade battle with

  famine in

  Florida taken by

  joint-stock companies of

  land draining in

  malaria in, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

  monarchy’s debt in

  New England emigration shut down by

  opposition to slavery in

  potato blight in

  religious civil war of

  Scottish union with

  seize and abandonment of Haiti by

  slave trade of

  as world’s biggest slaver

  English East India Company

  English Royal African Company

  English waterways

  Enriquillo, 9.1, 10.1

  Entomological Commission, U.S.

  entrepreneurs

  environmentalism

  epidemics, 1.1, 3.1

  Epps, William

  Eratosthenes, 1.1, 10.1

  erosion, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1

  Esmeraldas, 9.1, 9.2

  Espiritu Sancto

  Essay on Population (Schumpeter), 5.1

  Essex

  Eurasia

  Europe, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1

  agriculture in

  blight in

  economic system of, 9.1, 9.2

  effect of silver on

  famine in, 6.1, 6.2

  Little Ice Age in

  living standards in

  malaria in

  populations of

  potatoes introduced to, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1

  punishing economic embargo on Haiti by

  spread of potato blight in

  textile industry in

  European Miracle, The (Jones)

  Euskara language

  evangelization

  Exposition Universelle

  externalities

  extractive state

  extractive states, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1

  Extremadura, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1

  famine, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5

  Farmer’s Magazine

  Faro a Colón, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5

  Fausz, J. Frederick, 2.1, 2.2

  Federal Trade Commission

  Felipe II, King of Spain, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2

  Felipillo

  female infanticide

  fences, 2.1, 2.2

  fer-de-lances

  Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor

  Fernández, Josef

  Fernández-Armesto, Felipe

  Fernando (Ferdinand) II, King of Spain, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1

  Ferrar, John

  Ferrar, Nicholas, 2.1, 2.2

  Ferrar, Nicholas, Jr.

  fertilizer, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5

  fiat money

  Findlay, Ronald, 4.1, 4.2

  Finland

  Firestone, Harvey

  First Crusade, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Fischer, David Hackett, 3.1, 3.2

  Fitzcarrald, Carlos

  flintlock rifle

  Florence, 6.1, 8.1

  Florida, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  Flour War

  Flynn, Dennis O., 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5

  food riots

  foot plows, 6.1, 6.2

  Ford, Henry

  Fordlândia, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1

  forests, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2

  see deforestation

  fossil fuels

  Fountain of Fortune (von Glahn)

  Fountain of Youth

  Fox, Jefferson

  France, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1

  famine in

  Fronde civil war in

  North American colonies of

  potato blight in

  Franciscan friars

  Frank, Andre Gunder

  Franklin, John Hope

  Frederick the Great, King of Prussia

  free trade

  Freiburg University

  French fries

  French Guiana, 7.1, 9.1

  French Revolution

  freshwater marshes

  Friedrich, Andreas

  fructose

  Fuerteventura

  Fujian, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 10.1

  coastal evacuation of

  sweet potatoes in

  Fujita, Yayoi

  Funny Folks, 6.1

  Gade, Daniel W.

  Gage, Thomas

  Gaines, David

  Gallay, Alan

  galleon trade, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1

  smuggling and, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2

  see also silver

  galley

  galley slaves

  Gallque, Andrés Sánchez

  galoshes

  Gambia, 9.1, 9.2

  Gamelli Careri, Giovanni Francesco

  Ganga Zumba, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

  Ganxian County

  Ganzhou

  Gao

  Garcia, Vicky

  García-Absálo, Antonio

  gardeners

  Garrido, Juan, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 10.1

  gauchos

  Gaur

  General and Natural History of the Indes (Oviedo y Valdés), 7.1

  Genoa, 1.1, 1.2

  Georgia, 3.1, 9.1

  Gerard, John

  Germany, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2

  Ghana, 9.1, 9.2

  Gibbons, Joshua

  Gil, Juan

  Giráldez, Arturo, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

  Gleave, Josph Lea

  globalization, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

  as biological phenomenon

  global warming, malaria and

  glucose

  goats, 2.1, 2.2

  Gobi Desert, 5.1, 5.2

  Goiti, Martín de

  gold, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8

  Gold Coast

  golden apple snail, 10.1, 10.2

  Golden Triangle, 7.1, 7.2

  gold mines

  Goldnick, Klaus

  Goldstone, Jack

  Gone with the Wind, 3.1, 3.2

  gongsi

  Good, Johnny

  Goodyear, Charles, 7.1, 7.2

  Gough, John

  Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mosé

  granaries, 5.1, 5.2

  Grand Banks

  Grand Canal

  Grandeza Mexicana (Balbuena)

  grapevines

  grasses

  grazing

  Great Britain, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2

  guano trade and, 6.1, 6.2

  Irish potato famine and

  Peruvian guano imported to

  Great Dismal Swamp

  Great Exhibition of, 1851

  Great Expectations (Dickens)

  Great Heart of Palm Zap

  Great Hunger, 6.1, 6.2

  Great Plains

  Great Wall of China, 4.1, 5.1

  Greece

  Green Revolution, 6.1, 6.2

  Grosse Ile

  GTZ

  Guale (Indian group)

  Gualpa, Diego, 4.1, 4.2

  Guanches

  Guangdong, 5.1, 5.2

  Guangxi

  guano, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4

  mining of

  monopoly on

  Guano Islands Act (1856)

  Guatemala, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1

  Gudínez, Vasco

  guerillas, 10.1, 10.2

  guerrilla warfare, 9.1, 9.2

  guinea pig

  Guitar, Lynne

  Guizhou Province

  Gulf of Guinea, 8.1, 8.2

  Gulf of San Miguel

  Guyana, 3.1, 3.2

  Guyane, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1

  Gu Yanwu, 4.1, 5.1
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  Haber, Fritz

  Haiti, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  Hakka, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 10.1

  Hakluyt, Richard

  Halbert, Martin

  Hale, Cindy

  Hall, John A.

  Hamor, Ralph

  Hancock, Thomas, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

  Hangzhou, 1.1, 5.1

  Han River

  haplogroups

  Hardenburg, Walter

  Harms, Robert

  Harvard School of Public Health

  Hasted, Edward

  Hawai’i

  Hawikuh

  Hawkes, J. G.

  Heart of Darkness (Conrad)

  Hecht, Susanna, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

  “heirloom” rice

  Hemings, Sally

  Hemming, John, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

  Hensley, Mary

  heretics, 8.1, 9.1

  heroin

  heterozygosity

  Hevea braziliensis, see Pará rubber tree

  hickory

  Hill, Edward

  Hispaniola, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

  original forest of

  History of the Indies of New Spain, The (Durán)

  History of the Most Notable Things, Rituals and Customs of the Great Kingdom of China (Mendoza)

  Hitchcock, Edward

  Hollar, Wenceslaus

  Holy Innocents

  Holy Roman Empire

  Holy Spirit

  Holy Trinity

  Homogenocene, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.2, 8.1

  honey

  honeybees, 1.1, 2.1

  Hong Dizhen

  Hong Liangji, 5.1, 5.2

  Hongtaiji, Khan

  Hongwu, Ming emperor

  horses, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 6.1, 8.1

  Houston, Sam

  Huancavelica, 4.1, 4.2

  Huang He (Yellow) River, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

  Huipeng Rubber

  huizi

  Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von, 6.1, 6.2

  hunger

  Huntingdonshire

  Hutchinson, G. Evelyn

  Hu Zhouyong

  hydraulic societies

  hyperinflation

  Iberian Peninsula, 8.1, 9.1

  Ifugao, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

  Igarapé Espinel, 9.1, 9.2

  Igreja de Bonfim

  iguana

  Illinois

  Illustrated London News, 6.1

  Imbangala

  slave raid of

  immigration

  imperial navy

  import quotas, 4.1, 4.2

  indentured servants, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1

  India, 1.1, 2.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

  Indian Ocean

  Indians, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 8.1

  African assimilation with

  agriculture of

  enslavement of, 3.1, 3.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

  fight against Africans of

  fire and landscaping by, 1.1, 2.1

  forced labor of

  land-management practices of

  multi-crop style fields of

  reservations and

  resistance to Christianity of

  slavery among

  as slaves, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2

  Indian slave trade

  Indian Slave Trade, The (Gallay)

  Indian Territory

  indigo

  Indo-Europeans, see mestizo

  Indonesia

  rubber in

  industrialization

  Industrial Revolution, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1

  inflatable rubber tire

  inflation, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

  influenza, 3.1, 3.2

  Inka, 1.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1, 8.2

  Institute of Soil and Water Conservation

  Inter-American Commission on Human Rights

  intercultural coupling

  internal combustion engine

  International Potato Center

  International Union for the Conservation of Nature

  invasive species

  Iowa

  Ipanema

  Ipomoea batatas, see sweet potatoes

  Iquitos

  Iran, 1.1, 8.1

  Iraq

  Ireland, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4

  diet in

  export of food from

  famine in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  guano experimentation in

  “lazy-bed” cultivation in, 6.1, 6.2

  population boom in

  potato blight in, 6.1, 6.2

  poverty in, 6.1, 6.2

  weather and spores in

  Irish Sea

  irrigation, 5.1, 6.1

  Isabel (Isabella) I, Queen of Spain, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1

  Islam, 1.1, 8.1, 8.2

  Christianity vs.

  Israel

  Istanbul

  isthmus

  Italy, 3.1, 6.1

  Jacarandá, Joseane

  Jamaica

  James I, King of England, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4

  James River, 2.1, 2.2

  Jamestown, Va., 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 9.1

  birthplaces of colonists of

  counter attacks by, 2.1, 2.2

  death rates in, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1

  famine of

  first slaves in

  gentlemen at

  gentry of

  immigration to, 2.1, 3.1, 10.1

  lack of organization at

  malaria in, 3.1, 3.2

  martial law in

  new colonists sent to

  Opechancanough’s attack on

  origins of

  Pocahontas’s visit to

  Powhatan attack on

  Powhatan’s food supplies to

  Rolfe’s arrival in

  seasoning of colonists in

  site of

  tobacco production in

  as trading post

  Japan, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 6.1

  boarders closed by

  immigrants from

  migration to Mexico from

  jaundice

  Java

  Jeake, Samuel, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

  Jefferson, Thomas, 6.1, 8.1

  Jerusalem, 1.1, 8.1

  Jesuits, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

  Jesup, Thomas Sidney, 9.1, 10.1

  Jews, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2

  Jiajing, Ming emperor, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

  Jiangxi

  Jiaqing, Qing emperor

  Jiulong River

  Joachim di Fiore

  Jodensavanna, 9.1, 9.2

  John Paul II, Pope

  Johnson, Edward

  Johnson, Simon, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

  joint-stock company, 2.1, 10.1

  Jolof

  Jones, Eric

  Jones, Hugh

  Jorge Velho, Domingos

  jucura

  Kalm, Peter

  Kangxi, Qing emperor

  Kansas

  kanyinshi (silvermasters)

  kaolin

  katana

  Kecoughtan

  Keesing, Felix

  Keller, Franz, 7.1, 7.2

  Kent, 3.1, 3.2

  Keynes, John Maynard

  Kings Mountain, Battle of

  Knights of Malta

  Kochi (Cochin)

  Kongo

  Kongo, Kingdom of

  Korea, 4.1, 5.1

  Korean War

  Kortrijk

  Koxinga, see Zheng Chenggong

  Kristallnacht

  Kuna

  Kwinti

  lagniappe

  Lahore

  La Isabela, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, 2.2, 8.1, 10.1

  Africans in

  malaria in

  Lake Titicaca, 6.1, 6.2

  Lamb, Bulfinch

  lambe-sujos, 9.1, 9.2

  L
a Navidad

  Landes, David S., 2.1, 4.1, 4.2

  landraces

  Langbard, Iosif

  Lan Yong, 5.1, 5.2

  Lao People’s Democratic Republic

  Laos, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

  rubber in, 7.1, 7.2

  La Paz, 7.1, 7.2

  Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 1.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1

  late blight, see potato blight

  latex, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 9.1, 9.2

  Latin America

  lauan tree

  Laufer, Berthold

  lazy-bed cultivation, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  leaf blight (South American rubber disease), 7.1, 7.2

  Leather-breeches Club

  Lebanon

  Legazpi, Miguel López de, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

  Lemba, Sebastian

  Leopold II, King of Belgium

  Leptinotarsa decemlineata, see Colorado potato beetle

  Lesser Antilles

  Li, “Baldy”

  Liberdade, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1

  Liberia

  Liebig, Justus von, 6.1, 6.2

  Ligon, Richard

  Li Jinming

  Lima, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  limes

  lime swallowtail butterfly

  Lincoln, Abraham

  Lincolnshire

  Lin Huailan

  Lisbon, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2

  Little Ice Age, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2

  in China, 1.1, 5.1

  Little Red Book (Mao)

  Li Xiangjun

  llamas, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1

  loblolly

  lobo (wolf), 8.1, 8.2

  Loess Plateau, 5.1, 5.2

  London, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2

  Scottish refugees in

  London Purple

  Long Island

  longleaf

  Longyin Le

  López de Gomara, Francisco

  Los Angeles

  Louis XII, King of France

  Louis XVI, King of France, 6.1, 6.2

  Lousiana Purchase

  Louverture, Toussaint, 9.1, 9.2

  Luang Namtha Province

  Lubousk, Sarah

  Lula da Silva, Ignacio

  Lumper, 6.1, 10.1

  Luo Yuejiong

  Lutheranism

  Lu Yao

  Luzon, 1.1, 10.1, 10.2

  Lynch, Michael C.

  Macaco, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  Macao

  Macapá

  Macumba

  Madeira, 8.1, 8.2

  Madeira railroad, 7.1, 7.2

  Madeira River, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

  Madrid, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1

  Maher, Robert F.

  mahogany, 1.1, 9.1

  Mahogany Association

  Mahoney, James

  Maine

  maize, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 9.1, 10.1

  banning of

  Majorca

  malaria, prl.1, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7

  acquired immunity to, 3.1, 10.1

  cause of

  children and

  drainage projects for elimination of

  as endemic

  global warming and

  in Guyane

  among Indians

  introduction to Americas, 3.1, 3.2

  in Manila

  in Panama

  social impact of

  in southeast England, 3.1, 3.2

  and Southern culture