encomenderos, 8.1, 9.1
   encomienda system, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 10.1
   Encyclopedia (Diderot), 6.1, 6.2
   Engerman, Stanley L.
   England, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1
   bubonic plague in
   class distinctions of
   Dutch trade battle with
   famine in
   Florida taken by
   joint-stock companies of
   land draining in
   malaria in, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
   monarchy’s debt in
   New England emigration shut down by
   opposition to slavery in
   potato blight in
   religious civil war of
   Scottish union with
   seize and abandonment of Haiti by
   slave trade of
   as world’s biggest slaver
   English East India Company
   English Royal African Company
   English waterways
   Enriquillo, 9.1, 10.1
   Entomological Commission, U.S.
   entrepreneurs
   environmentalism
   epidemics, 1.1, 3.1
   Epps, William
   Eratosthenes, 1.1, 10.1
   erosion, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1
   Esmeraldas, 9.1, 9.2
   Espiritu Sancto
   Essay on Population (Schumpeter), 5.1
   Essex
   Eurasia
   Europe, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1
   agriculture in
   blight in
   economic system of, 9.1, 9.2
   effect of silver on
   famine in, 6.1, 6.2
   Little Ice Age in
   living standards in
   malaria in
   populations of
   potatoes introduced to, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
   punishing economic embargo on Haiti by
   spread of potato blight in
   textile industry in
   European Miracle, The (Jones)
   Euskara language
   evangelization
   Exposition Universelle
   externalities
   extractive state
   extractive states, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1
   Extremadura, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1
   famine, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5
   Farmer’s Magazine
   Faro a Colón, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
   Fausz, J. Frederick, 2.1, 2.2
   Federal Trade Commission
   Felipe II, King of Spain, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2
   Felipillo
   female infanticide
   fences, 2.1, 2.2
   fer-de-lances
   Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
   Fernández, Josef
   Fernández-Armesto, Felipe
   Fernando (Ferdinand) II, King of Spain, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1
   Ferrar, John
   Ferrar, Nicholas, 2.1, 2.2
   Ferrar, Nicholas, Jr.
   fertilizer, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5
   fiat money
   Findlay, Ronald, 4.1, 4.2
   Finland
   Firestone, Harvey
   First Crusade, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
   Fischer, David Hackett, 3.1, 3.2
   Fitzcarrald, Carlos
   flintlock rifle
   Florence, 6.1, 8.1
   Florida, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
   Flour War
   Flynn, Dennis O., 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5
   food riots
   foot plows, 6.1, 6.2
   Ford, Henry
   Fordlândia, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1
   forests, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2
   see deforestation
   fossil fuels
   Fountain of Fortune (von Glahn)
   Fountain of Youth
   Fox, Jefferson
   France, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1
   famine in
   Fronde civil war in
   North American colonies of
   potato blight in
   Franciscan friars
   Frank, Andre Gunder
   Franklin, John Hope
   Frederick the Great, King of Prussia
   free trade
   Freiburg University
   French fries
   French Guiana, 7.1, 9.1
   French Revolution
   freshwater marshes
   Friedrich, Andreas
   fructose
   Fuerteventura
   Fujian, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 10.1
   coastal evacuation of
   sweet potatoes in
   Fujita, Yayoi
   Funny Folks, 6.1
   Gade, Daniel W.
   Gage, Thomas
   Gaines, David
   Gallay, Alan
   galleon trade, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1
   smuggling and, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2
   see also silver
   galley
   galley slaves
   Gallque, Andrés Sánchez
   galoshes
   Gambia, 9.1, 9.2
   Gamelli Careri, Giovanni Francesco
   Ganga Zumba, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
   Ganxian County
   Ganzhou
   Gao
   Garcia, Vicky
   García-Absálo, Antonio
   gardeners
   Garrido, Juan, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 10.1
   gauchos
   Gaur
   General and Natural History of the Indes (Oviedo y Valdés), 7.1
   Genoa, 1.1, 1.2
   Georgia, 3.1, 9.1
   Gerard, John
   Germany, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2
   Ghana, 9.1, 9.2
   Gibbons, Joshua
   Gil, Juan
   Giráldez, Arturo, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
   Gleave, Josph Lea
   globalization, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
   as biological phenomenon
   global warming, malaria and
   glucose
   goats, 2.1, 2.2
   Gobi Desert, 5.1, 5.2
   Goiti, Martín de
   gold, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8
   Gold Coast
   golden apple snail, 10.1, 10.2
   Golden Triangle, 7.1, 7.2
   gold mines
   Goldnick, Klaus
   Goldstone, Jack
   Gone with the Wind, 3.1, 3.2
   gongsi
   Good, Johnny
   Goodyear, Charles, 7.1, 7.2
   Gough, John
   Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mosé
   granaries, 5.1, 5.2
   Grand Banks
   Grand Canal
   Grandeza Mexicana (Balbuena)
   grapevines
   grasses
   grazing
   Great Britain, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2
   guano trade and, 6.1, 6.2
   Irish potato famine and
   Peruvian guano imported to
   Great Dismal Swamp
   Great Exhibition of, 1851
   Great Expectations (Dickens)
   Great Heart of Palm Zap
   Great Hunger, 6.1, 6.2
   Great Plains
   Great Wall of China, 4.1, 5.1
   Greece
   Green Revolution, 6.1, 6.2
   Grosse Ile
   GTZ
   Guale (Indian group)
   Gualpa, Diego, 4.1, 4.2
   Guanches
   Guangdong, 5.1, 5.2
   Guangxi
   guano, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
   mining of
   monopoly on
   Guano Islands Act (1856)
   Guatemala, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1
   Gudínez, Vasco
   guerillas, 10.1, 10.2
   guerrilla warfare, 9.1, 9.2
   guinea pig
   Guitar, Lynne
   Guizhou Province
   Gulf of Guinea, 8.1, 8.2
   Gulf of San Miguel
   Guyana, 3.1, 3.2
   Guyane, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1
   Gu Yanwu, 4.1, 5.1
					     					 			 />
   Haber, Fritz
   Haiti, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
   Hakka, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 10.1
   Hakluyt, Richard
   Halbert, Martin
   Hale, Cindy
   Hall, John A.
   Hamor, Ralph
   Hancock, Thomas, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
   Hangzhou, 1.1, 5.1
   Han River
   haplogroups
   Hardenburg, Walter
   Harms, Robert
   Harvard School of Public Health
   Hasted, Edward
   Hawai’i
   Hawikuh
   Hawkes, J. G.
   Heart of Darkness (Conrad)
   Hecht, Susanna, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
   “heirloom” rice
   Hemings, Sally
   Hemming, John, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
   Hensley, Mary
   heretics, 8.1, 9.1
   heroin
   heterozygosity
   Hevea braziliensis, see Pará rubber tree
   hickory
   Hill, Edward
   Hispaniola, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
   original forest of
   History of the Indies of New Spain, The (Durán)
   History of the Most Notable Things, Rituals and Customs of the Great Kingdom of China (Mendoza)
   Hitchcock, Edward
   Hollar, Wenceslaus
   Holy Innocents
   Holy Roman Empire
   Holy Spirit
   Holy Trinity
   Homogenocene, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.2, 8.1
   honey
   honeybees, 1.1, 2.1
   Hong Dizhen
   Hong Liangji, 5.1, 5.2
   Hongtaiji, Khan
   Hongwu, Ming emperor
   horses, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 6.1, 8.1
   Houston, Sam
   Huancavelica, 4.1, 4.2
   Huang He (Yellow) River, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
   Huipeng Rubber
   huizi
   Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von, 6.1, 6.2
   hunger
   Huntingdonshire
   Hutchinson, G. Evelyn
   Hu Zhouyong
   hydraulic societies
   hyperinflation
   Iberian Peninsula, 8.1, 9.1
   Ifugao, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
   Igarapé Espinel, 9.1, 9.2
   Igreja de Bonfim
   iguana
   Illinois
   Illustrated London News, 6.1
   Imbangala
   slave raid of
   immigration
   imperial navy
   import quotas, 4.1, 4.2
   indentured servants, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1
   India, 1.1, 2.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
   Indian Ocean
   Indians, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 8.1
   African assimilation with
   agriculture of
   enslavement of, 3.1, 3.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
   fight against Africans of
   fire and landscaping by, 1.1, 2.1
   forced labor of
   land-management practices of
   multi-crop style fields of
   reservations and
   resistance to Christianity of
   slavery among
   as slaves, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2
   Indian slave trade
   Indian Slave Trade, The (Gallay)
   Indian Territory
   indigo
   Indo-Europeans, see mestizo
   Indonesia
   rubber in
   industrialization
   Industrial Revolution, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1
   inflatable rubber tire
   inflation, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
   influenza, 3.1, 3.2
   Inka, 1.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1, 8.2
   Institute of Soil and Water Conservation
   Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
   intercultural coupling
   internal combustion engine
   International Potato Center
   International Union for the Conservation of Nature
   invasive species
   Iowa
   Ipanema
   Ipomoea batatas, see sweet potatoes
   Iquitos
   Iran, 1.1, 8.1
   Iraq
   Ireland, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
   diet in
   export of food from
   famine in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
   guano experimentation in
   “lazy-bed” cultivation in, 6.1, 6.2
   population boom in
   potato blight in, 6.1, 6.2
   poverty in, 6.1, 6.2
   weather and spores in
   Irish Sea
   irrigation, 5.1, 6.1
   Isabel (Isabella) I, Queen of Spain, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1
   Islam, 1.1, 8.1, 8.2
   Christianity vs.
   Israel
   Istanbul
   isthmus
   Italy, 3.1, 6.1
   Jacarandá, Joseane
   Jamaica
   James I, King of England, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4
   James River, 2.1, 2.2
   Jamestown, Va., 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 9.1
   birthplaces of colonists of
   counter attacks by, 2.1, 2.2
   death rates in, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1
   famine of
   first slaves in
   gentlemen at
   gentry of
   immigration to, 2.1, 3.1, 10.1
   lack of organization at
   malaria in, 3.1, 3.2
   martial law in
   new colonists sent to
   Opechancanough’s attack on
   origins of
   Pocahontas’s visit to
   Powhatan attack on
   Powhatan’s food supplies to
   Rolfe’s arrival in
   seasoning of colonists in
   site of
   tobacco production in
   as trading post
   Japan, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 6.1
   boarders closed by
   immigrants from
   migration to Mexico from
   jaundice
   Java
   Jeake, Samuel, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
   Jefferson, Thomas, 6.1, 8.1
   Jerusalem, 1.1, 8.1
   Jesuits, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
   Jesup, Thomas Sidney, 9.1, 10.1
   Jews, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2
   Jiajing, Ming emperor, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
   Jiangxi
   Jiaqing, Qing emperor
   Jiulong River
   Joachim di Fiore
   Jodensavanna, 9.1, 9.2
   John Paul II, Pope
   Johnson, Edward
   Johnson, Simon, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
   joint-stock company, 2.1, 10.1
   Jolof
   Jones, Eric
   Jones, Hugh
   Jorge Velho, Domingos
   jucura
   Kalm, Peter
   Kangxi, Qing emperor
   Kansas
   kanyinshi (silvermasters)
   kaolin
   katana
   Kecoughtan
   Keesing, Felix
   Keller, Franz, 7.1, 7.2
   Kent, 3.1, 3.2
   Keynes, John Maynard
   Kings Mountain, Battle of
   Knights of Malta
   Kochi (Cochin)
   Kongo
   Kongo, Kingdom of
   Korea, 4.1, 5.1
   Korean War
   Kortrijk
   Koxinga, see Zheng Chenggong
   Kristallnacht
   Kuna
   Kwinti
   lagniappe
   Lahore
   La Isabela, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, 2.2, 8.1, 10.1
   Africans in
   malaria in
   Lake Titicaca, 6.1, 6.2
   Lamb, Bulfinch
   lambe-sujos, 9.1, 9.2
   L 
					     					 			a Navidad
   Landes, David S., 2.1, 4.1, 4.2
   landraces
   Langbard, Iosif
   Lan Yong, 5.1, 5.2
   Lao People’s Democratic Republic
   Laos, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
   rubber in, 7.1, 7.2
   La Paz, 7.1, 7.2
   Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 1.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1
   late blight, see potato blight
   latex, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 9.1, 9.2
   Latin America
   lauan tree
   Laufer, Berthold
   lazy-bed cultivation, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
   leaf blight (South American rubber disease), 7.1, 7.2
   Leather-breeches Club
   Lebanon
   Legazpi, Miguel López de, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4
   Lemba, Sebastian
   Leopold II, King of Belgium
   Leptinotarsa decemlineata, see Colorado potato beetle
   Lesser Antilles
   Li, “Baldy”
   Liberdade, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1
   Liberia
   Liebig, Justus von, 6.1, 6.2
   Ligon, Richard
   Li Jinming
   Lima, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
   limes
   lime swallowtail butterfly
   Lincoln, Abraham
   Lincolnshire
   Lin Huailan
   Lisbon, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2
   Little Ice Age, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2
   in China, 1.1, 5.1
   Little Red Book (Mao)
   Li Xiangjun
   llamas, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1
   loblolly
   lobo (wolf), 8.1, 8.2
   Loess Plateau, 5.1, 5.2
   London, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2
   Scottish refugees in
   London Purple
   Long Island
   longleaf
   Longyin Le
   López de Gomara, Francisco
   Los Angeles
   Louis XII, King of France
   Louis XVI, King of France, 6.1, 6.2
   Lousiana Purchase
   Louverture, Toussaint, 9.1, 9.2
   Luang Namtha Province
   Lubousk, Sarah
   Lula da Silva, Ignacio
   Lumper, 6.1, 10.1
   Luo Yuejiong
   Lutheranism
   Lu Yao
   Luzon, 1.1, 10.1, 10.2
   Lynch, Michael C.
   Macaco, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
   Macao
   Macapá
   Macumba
   Madeira, 8.1, 8.2
   Madeira railroad, 7.1, 7.2
   Madeira River, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
   Madrid, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1
   Maher, Robert F.
   mahogany, 1.1, 9.1
   Mahogany Association
   Mahoney, James
   Maine
   maize, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 9.1, 10.1
   banning of
   Majorca
   malaria, prl.1, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7
   acquired immunity to, 3.1, 10.1
   cause of
   children and
   drainage projects for elimination of
   as endemic
   global warming and
   in Guyane
   among Indians
   introduction to Americas, 3.1, 3.2
   in Manila
   in Panama
   social impact of
   in southeast England, 3.1, 3.2
   and Southern culture