I took refuge in Chekhov’s statement: it is not the business of writers [of fiction, like himself] to answer the great questions [let the theologians and philosophers do that if they feel they must] but to state the questions correctly.”
   Which brings us back to Gertrude Stein’s dying words: “What is the answer? … What is the Question?” [Namely, what is Man on earth for?]
   At present I am convalescent from a serious operation221 and cannot write you the long commentary that your paper deserves.
   But I can express my appreciation of your admirable meditation. and my thanks and my regard
   Sincerely yours
   Thornton Wilder
   Please convey my devoted regard to our dear friend Helen Hosmer.222 P.S. It may interest you to know—since you mention Franz Werfel that his widow (and Gustav Mahler’s) Alma Mahler-Werfel asked my permission to entitle her (second) book of memoirs: “Du Brücke is die Liebe”!!223
   334. TO MALCOLM COWLEY. ALS 2 pp. Newberry
   50 Deepwood Drive, Hamden, Conn 06517
   Nov. 18. 1975
   Dear Malcolm:
   I shall always be grateful to you.224
   It appears that you have sounded the note and indicated the direction to others.
   Reviewers of good will write me in sheer bewilderment at that book: apparently Goldstone conveys that all my papers etc were thrown open to him. I am also getting letters from friends and strangers, mostly mentioning your review—from, for example, William G. Rogers (G. Stein’s The Kiddie)225
   I still haven’t read the book but am told that the charge of anti-semitism is laid at my father’s door—(in the first draft it was charged to me, but Mrs Carol Brandt begged him to alter that]
   This is how that arose: my first publishers A. and C. Boni contracted the “Lawrenceville schoolmaster” to four novels on the strength of The Cabala. I submitted The Bridge as contracted. The Bonis wrote that they wished it were more like The Cabala; that it was obviously intended for a small fastidious circle of readers but they graciously consented to publish it; I then submitted The Woman of Andros,—they deplored that it wasn’t more like The Bridge, but they published it (at the depth of the Depression); I then submitted Heaven’s My Destination and was told that I was out of touch with the American scene, especially the depressed areas, and assured me that “humor” was not my province and they waived their option on it—I took it to Harpers and stayed with them ever since. Forty years later Goldstone interviews Charles Boni—old and embittered—in New York and was told that I had abandoned the Boni firm because I was anti-Semitic. The truth was that I was faithful to them (though they were displeased with my work) until they refused my fourth book. Anti-Semitic? Oh, Gertrude! Oh, Freud! Oh, mothers of Picasso and Montaigne!
   Montaigne is grand reading for us old men. He lived through woeful times and retained that equilibrium. His mainstay was neither religion nor the (later) reliance on reason and the Enlightenment’s belief in progress, but on the wisdom of antiquity—especially Plutarch!
   I’m guardedly convalescing and cheerful
   and much indebted to you
   Ever
   Thornton
   335. TO CAROL BRANDT. ALS 3 pp. Yale
   50 Deepwood Drive
   Hamden Conn 06517
   Nov. 18. 1975
   Dear Carol:
   Many thanks for the splendid terms for Theophilus North among the German bookclubs. I’m delighted by the goodwill of my German readers; I wish that my love for things French found the same reciprocation. (We know that dear Madame Lemy> does her best.226)
   I’ve begun getting letters of indignation and consolation about my biographer’s book. I will not read it; and Isabel returned to the publisher the copy “sent by the author” (but not inscribed to me within!)
   I wish dear Isabel wouldn’t get so energized by these annoyances. I try to rise to the level of resentment but (as with Dr. Johnson’s friend) “cheerfulness is always breaking in.” Judging by my correspondence Goldstone is probably receiving letters of outrage, too
   I’m convalescing very well. Am waiting for permission from my doctor (appointment the 21st) to go to New York and take Isabel to see two movies which I can believe are very beautiful: S. Ray’s Distant Thunder and Igmar Bergman’s Magic Flute. If I go I shall accept a friend’s offer of a guest card to the Harvard Club where I shall be presumably cut dead (though I do have a Harvard degree.) I’m not very strong or confident on my legs yet, so I shall not venture out much—except to those movies—but I’ve been house-bound and hospital-cocooned so long that I can get a grand feeling of adventurous freedom from just strolling from 44th St to the New York Public Library. Herzliche Grüsse an den lieben Pavvy und an seine reizende Frau227
   love
   Thornton
   336. TO EILEEN AND ROLAND LE GRAND. ALS 2 pp. (Stationery embossed Harvard Club / 27 West 44th Street) Private
   Dec 3. 1975
   Dear Eileen—and Roland in Bhutan—
   Lovely to get your letter with all the news.—the house near Dartmoor the Quantock Hills—all that poetry of the west country too bad it’s so far from Sussex.
   All my commiseration to you on your operation. So many of our letters these days are exchanging news of illness. I too had a serious operation in a Boston hospital this summer but am convalescing well … though with depleted vitality. You’ll be surprised to see the above address.. The rivalry of Yale and Harvard is of long standing—but I wanted to get a change to hide away for 14 days in New York. So a friend gave me a guest-card to this club—12 doors from the Algonquin—Isabel joined me for three days at Thanksgiving Time. Oh, Roland, I hope your work is deeply interesting and rewarding … I have no clue of Bhutan228 … but I saw S. Ray’s film laid in Darjeeling (“Anapara”>?) in the now fading splendour of the old hill resort hotels. (And Isabel and I just saw Ray’s latest picture Distant Drum laid in the Punjab—very beautiful but sad.)229 Eileen says you are in a valley of the High Himalayas and not coping with severe cold.
   We were not happy in our 3 successive attempts to go South and escape the cold in Connecticut—Mexico (beautiful but no chance of meeting anybody but elderly Americans). Puerto Rice (as in most of the Caribbean, one is aware of the sullen resentment of the emerging self-determination.). Southern Florida (more elderly Americans.) Maybe at the end of the winter we shall try Martinique—still a départment of France.
   So far our Fall has been surprisingly sunny and temperate. Isabel is well—that is bravely coping with her handicaps,—respiratory mostly. In New Haven we see our nephew and niece and our nephew’s children.230
   I am now old, really old, and these recent set-backs have taken a lot of energy out of me. I think I’m pulling myself together for another piece of work.
   Thank you for your beautiful long letter. I hope you’ve found some congenial friends in the neighborhood; I’m getting more and more unsociable but I notice that most people (including Isabel) are kept lively by a diversity of friends. Give our love to the “Young ’Uns” and a world of affectionate greetings to you both
   Thornton
   INDEX
   The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader
   Note: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations
   A
   Abarbanell, Lina, 190
   Abbott, Eleanor Hallowell, Molly Make-Believe, 19
   Abbott, George, 532n97
   Abbott, Gwynne, 164
   Abbott, Mather A., 164n57, 210, 214, 217
   TNW letter to, 175–76
   Action in the North Atlantic (film), 407n84
   Actors Equity, 451
   Actors Studio, 627n90, 627n91, 640
   Adams, H. Austin, ’Ception Shoals, 91n155
   Adams, Maude, 155, 178, 520
   Ade, George, 82
   Adrian, Gilbert, 267
   Akins (Rumbold), Zoë:
 &n 
					     					 			bsp; The Furies, 382
   TNW letter to, 382
   Alba, Jacobo Stuart-Fitz-James y Falcó,
   Duke of, 487
   Albanese, Meggie, 609
   Albee, Edward:
   The American Dream, 638
   The Sand Box, 638
   Tiny Alice, 670
   TNW letters to, 516–17, 554–55
   Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, 618
   The Zoo Story, 554–55
   Albers, Josef, TNW letter to, 277–78
   Albinoni, Tomaso Giovanni, 671
   Alcestiad, The, or A Life in the Sun (Wilder):
   casting of, 434, 527n88
   and The Drunken Sisters, 482, 546n125
   and Edinburgh Festival, 527–28, 531
   European performances of, 482, 546, 548, 582, 593n17, 598, 624n83
   evolution of, 327n198, 364–65, 406–7, 440, 453, 481, 483
   libretto for, 581
   readings of, 532n98, 532n99
   and Rudolf Bing, 563, 565–68
   Talma’s score for, 483, 536n105, 550–53, 562–63, 565–68, 580n184, 598, 622
   TNW’s thoughts on, 435, 626–27
   Alcibiades, 17
   Aldrich, Richard, 343–44
   Alexander, Sir George, 520
   Allen, Arthur, 334n208
   Allen, John, 106
   Ameche, Don, 403
   American Academy, Rome, TNW in School of Classical Studies in, 125–26, 133–36, 141–42
   American Academy of Arts and Letters, 480, 560
   American Anti-Slavery Society, 2
   American Arts and Crafts Movement, 108n179
   American Field Service (AFS), 80n140
   American Laboratory Theatre, New York, 129, 179, 197n119, 201n129, 206, 241
   American Mercury, The, 207
   American National Theatre and Academy’s Salute to France, 532n97
   American University Union, Paris, 147
   American Youth Orchestra, 389
   Ames, Harry, 623, 624
   Ames, Rosemary, 218
   TNW letter to, 178–79
   Anderson, Ava Bodley, Lady, 450
   TNW letter to, 486–88
   Anderson, Clark, 223n175
   Anderson, Sir John, 450n152
   Anderson, Judith, 491, 619n76
   Anderson, Maxwell, 278n99
   Saturday’s Children, 590n9
   TNW letters to, 461–62, 543–44
   Anderson, Peggy and Roy, TNW letter to, 688–89
   Andrews, Helen, 253
   Andrews, O. B., Jr., 207
   Anglin, Margaret, 301, 520
   Anouilh, Jean, 548
   Becket, 577n176
   Anthony, C. L., Autumn Crocus, 255n45
   Appollinaire, Guillaume, 464
   Ardrey, Robert, 396n64
   Aristophanes, 301
   Arizona:
   TNW’s letters from, 604–27
   TNW’s time in, 666–67
   Army Air Force, U.S., TNW’s service in, 357, 358, 359, 396, 397, 400–402, 403–7, 411, 418–36
   Arnold, Matthew, 495
   Arnold, Thurman, 384
   Arthur, Jean, 590
   Art Institute of Chicago, 277
   Ascher, Joseph, “Alice Where Art Thou?,” 20
   Aspen Institute; Aspen Music Festival, 366n8, 470n181
   Asquith, Margot, 223
   Astor, Mrs. Vincent, 384
   Aswell, Edward C., 203
   Atlantic Monthly, The, 102, 153n33, 164, 209–10, 480, 482, 483
   Attlee, Clement, 435n121
   Atwood, Bishop Julius W., 384
   Audoux, Marguerite, Marie Claire, 31
   Augustine, Saint, 413
   Austen, Jane, 609, 613, 635
   B
   Bach, J. S., 286–87, 352, 467, 614, 667, 684
   Bacon, Delia, 605
   Bacon, Francis, Essays, 382
   Baer, Lewis S., TNW letters to, 191–92, 215–16
   Bagnold, Enid:
   Lottie Dundass, 681n182
   TNW letter to, 679–82
   Bailey, Percival, 251
   Baitsell, George A., 616
   Baker, Barbara, 225
   Baker, Christina Hopkinson, TNW letter to, 341–42
   Baker, George Pierce, 43, 102, 341n219, 519
   Balanchine, George, 602, 603
   Ball, William, 652
   Balzac, Honoré de, 200, 632
   Bankhead, John H., 544n119
   Bankhead, Tallulah, 260, 281, 544n119, 617, 691
   in The Eagle Has Two Heads, 590
   in Here Today, 619
   in The Little Foxes, 417
   in The Skin of Our Teeth, 395n62, 406, 407, 408n85, 409, 416, 417, 533, 590n9
   Bankhead, William Brockman, 544n119
   Barber, Samuel, Vanessa, 566
   Barillet, Pierre, and Jean-Pierre Gredy, The Amazing Adele, 490n13
   Barnes, Djuna, 560
   Barnes, Margaret Ayer “Peggy,” 261, 264
   Barney, Danford, 147
   Barrault, Jean-Louis, 458
   Barretts of Wimpole Street, The (film), 281n104
   Barrie, J. M., 92, 94
   A Kiss for Cinderella, 91
   The New Word, 103–4, 162–63
   Old Friends, 103n173
   The Old Lady Shows Her Medals, 103n173
   Barry, Philip, 7, 341
   Barrymore, Ethel, 338
   Barrymore, John, 119, 121, 338
   Barth, Karl, 258
   Baskin, Norton, 551
   Bates, Ana “Tia,” 625
   Bates, Blanche, 167
   Bates, Esther W., TNW letter to, 507–8
   Baudelaire, Charles-Pierre, 516
   Baxter, Cynthia, 546n125
   Beach, Sylvia, 192, 195, 196, 198
   Beardsley, Aubrey, 119
   Beaton, Cecil, 591
   Beatty, Warren, 650n132
   Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Caron, 520
   Beaumont, Hugh “Binkie,” 444, 453, 527–29
   Beauvoir, Simone de, 518
   La Vieilesse, 681
   Becher, John, 546n125
   Beckett, Samuel, 555
   Krapp’s Last Tape, 554n144
   Waiting for Godot, 538, 556
   Beerbohm, Max, 305, 495, 591, 642
   Beer-Hofmann, Richard:
   Jacob’s Dream, 360
   TNW letter to, 377–78
   Beethoven, Ludwig van, 24, 26, 352, 416, 460, 673
   Behrman, Elza Heifetz, 603
   Behrman, S. N., 341, 603n45
   Wine of Choice, 331n204
   Belasco, David, 156, 308, 417
   Bel Geddes, Norman, 168, 257
   Bellows, George, 63
   Belmont, Eleanor Robson, 566
   Benét, Rosemary Carr, 147n25, 198
   Benét, Stephen Vincent, 7, 117n202, 147, 195, 201n130, 242, 492–93
   Benét, William Rose, 117–18, 177n86, 492–93
   Bennett, Arnold:
   How to Live on 24 Hours a Day, 30
   Milestones, 28, 30
   The Truth About an Author, 30
   Bentley, Eric, TNW letter to, 539–41
   Bérard, Christian, 458
   Berdan, John M., 161n47
   Berea College farm, 6, 103, 105, 109, 313n170
   Berenson, Bernard, 363
   Bergman, Ingmar, 703
   Bergner, Elisabeth, 254, 434
   Berkeley, California:
   TNW’s letters from, 34–37, 40–50
   Wilder family in, 3, 5, 9, 10, 37, 40
   Berlioz, Hector, 684
   Bermann-Fischer, publisher, 471, 472
   Bernhardt, Sarah, 113
   Bernstein, Leonard:
   at MacDowell Colony, 601–2
   TNW letter to, 698
   Besant, Annie, 641
   Besier, Rudolf, The Barretts of Wimpole Street, 254n43
   Bessemer, Sir Henry, 177
   Biddle, Francis, 603
   Biddle, Katherine Garrison Chapin, 603n46
   Bing, Rudolf, 467n175, 488–89, 563, 565–68
   Bisson, Andr 
					     					 			é, Le Rosaire, 549
   Black Mountain College, 274n92
   Blaker, Richard, 199, 223
   Bleibtreu, Helen and Jacob, TNW letter to, 689–90
   Bohlen, Avis Thayer, 602
   Boles, John, 286
   Boleslavsky, Richard, 129, 179, 194, 197n119
   Bolívar, Simón, 544
   Boni, Albert & Charles, 199, 222, 231, 271, 276
   and The Bridge of San Luis Rey, 191–92, 207, 212–13, 217, 218, 222n171, 528, 568, 702
   and The Cabala, 128, 184, 188, 191n109, 203, 702
   and The Trumpet Shall Sound, 206
   and Heaven’s My Destination, 222n171, 233, 283, 568, 702
   and The Woman of Andros, 222n171, 229–30, 702
   Booth, Shirley, 490
   Bori, Lucrezia, 276
   Borkle, Inge, 598
   Boston Transcript, 121
   Boswell, James, 556
   Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, 610
   The Life of Samuel Johnson, 32, 72, 74, 703
   Boulanger, Nadia, 600
   Bourget, Paul, 171
   Bousquet, Marie-Louise, 316
   Bowen, Elizabeth, The House in Paris, 309
   Bower, Roy, 199–200
   Bowles, Jane, In the Summer House, 490n13
   Boyle, Kay, TNW letter to, 556–57
   Brahms, Johannes, 239, 476
   Brando, Marlon, 590
   Brandt, Carol, 686, 702
   TNW letter to, 703
   Brandt & Brandt, 255, 325, 341, 390, 393, 686n193, 691
   Braque, Georges, 277
   Brecht, Bertolt, 640
   Brett, Dorothy, 286, 614
   Brice, Fanny, 390, 532
   Brick Row Book Shop, New Haven, 160–61
   Bridge of San Luis Rey, The (Wilder):
   and Boni & Boni, 191–92, 207, 212–13, 217, 218, 222n171, 528, 568, 702
   film of, 396n66
   and Mme. de Sévigné, xxxiv, 220
   publication of, 129, 130, 209–10, 217
   public responses to, 219–20, 536, 701
   Pulitzer Prize for, xxxiii, 130
   success of, xxxiii, xxxvii, 130, 222n171, 229, 230, 231
   TNW’s thoughts on, 211, 240, 434, 536–37, 700
   translations of, 144n19, 471n185
   writing of, 188, 191, 196, 199, 201–2, 204, 207, 215, 237