German Zionists, negotiations with German Ottomans (Jemal), Talaat’s promise to German ambassador, and British alarm at Zionism as German idea (Sir Ronald Graham); McMeekin, Berlin-Baghdad Express 340–51.
Herbert Samuel, Memoirs 140. Meyer and Brysac, Kingmakers 112–26. Max Egremont, Balfour 293–6. Karsh 247–58. Fromkin 276–301, including Leo Amory on Bible, Brandeis and Wilson. Avi Shlaim, Israel and Palestine 3–24. Lloyd George grabbing Palestine: Rose, Senseless Squalid War 16–17. Karsh 247–58. Gilbert, Churchill and the Jews: Churchill, Weizmann and acetone 23–30; biblical prophet 95. George Weidenfeld, Remembering My Good Friends 201–20, on Weizmann, character and style. Lord Rothschild support for Zionism: Ferguson 977–81. Early Zionist views: Abu Zaida, ‘“A Miserable Provincial Town”,’ JQ 32, Autumn 2007.
13 Fall of city/surrender. Allenby’s orders from Lloyd George, Jerusalem by Christmas: Grigg, Lloyd George: War Leader 339–43. Germans unmoved by withdrawal, Storrs 303–5; mayor well bred 292. Alter Levine and Sakakini: Marcus, Jerusalem 1913 149–51. Levine and Sakakini, Sakakini quote on artillery: Segev, Palestine 30. Moshe Goodman, ‘Immortalizing a Historic Moment: The Surrender of Jerusalem’, in Cathedra 3.280–2. Vester 273–80. Husseinis meeting; marriageable virgins; blouse and bedsheets: Pappe 162–6. Diary of Bishop Mesrob Neshanian quoted in Hintlian, ‘First World War in Palestine and Msgr. Franz Fellinger’, in Wrba, Austrian Presence 179–93. Rumours, debate with Sakakini, Germans vs Turks on surrender: Tamari, ‘Last Feudal Lord in Palestine’, JQ 16, November 2002. Manna, ‘Between Jerusalem and Damascus’, JQ 22–23, Autumn/Winter 2005. Diary: K. Sakakini 20 January 1920. Arab Syrian nationalism: Nasser Eddin Nashashibi, Jerusalem’s Other Voice: Ragheb Nashashibi and Moderation in Palestinian Politics 1920–1948 (henceforth Nashashibi) 134–5, 130–1; Ben-Gurion and Alami on small sofa 69. Faisal and Weizmann: Krämer 158–62. Carriage stolen from American Colony: Frederick Vester to Storrs 14 March 1919, American Colony Hotel archive. Anti-Semitic frenzy of Turks in Jerusalem: Ballobar, Diario 30 November 1917.
14 Allenby: Grigg, Lloyd George: War Leader 342–5. Wasif 2.280. Storrs 305–7. Lawrence 330; on Jerusalem 341, 553; Lawrence rape at Deraa, entry into city, thoughts of rape as Allenby speaks; effects of rape trauma later 668. Absurdly boyish: Wilson, Lawrence 459–66: Gilbert, JTC 45–61. Segev, Palestine 23–4 and 50–5. Allenby’s book: Meyer and Brysac, Kingmakers 109. Allenby and Storrs in Jerusalem: Fromkin 308–29. War Office advice: Elon, Jerusalem 167. Vester 278–80. Allenby and Crusader comments to Husseini and to Nusseibehs: Nusseibeh, Jerusalemites 426–7. Thanks to my cousin Kate Sebag-Montefiore for researching William Sebag-Montefiore’s role in Palestine. Thanks to Peter Sebag-Montefiore and his daughter Louise Aspinall for the private archive of Major Geoffrey Sebag-Montefiore: reports quoted of 24 April 1918 (sex with local women); VD prevalent 11 June 1918; VD rampant 16 June 1918; guarding holy places 23 June 1918; Desert Mounted Corps in brothels 29 June 1918; brothels troublesome and VD rampant 14 July 1918; brothels moved, thirty-seven arrested 18 August 1918; women astray 1 September 1918; brothels VD, nothing else to report 8 September 1918; Australians in brothels 13 October 1918 and 18 November 1918. Pappe 165–75: Maghrebis interested in sale of Wall 234.
15 Storrs, most brilliant: Lawrence 56–7. Lawrence visits and meets Lowell Thomas: Wilson, Lawrence 489; Faisal and Lawrence’s attitude to Zionism, hope for Zionist Jewish advisers and financiers for Faisal Syria, Lawrence on Zionism and letter to Sykes, Faisal meetings with Weizmann near Aqaba and in London 442–4, 513–14, 514 and 576–7; on 12 December 1918 meeting in London, Faisal and Weizmann, Faisal says there is room in Palestine for 4–5 million Jews 593. Shindler, Military Zionism 61–7. Ben-Gurion article ‘Towards the Future’ on sharing Palestine, on Jabotinsky and article ‘Iron Wall’ 1923: Shindler, History 26–30; Jabotinsky, Fascists, Duce as buffalo 131. Weizmann: Jabotinsky 86; on Allenby, Storrs, Protocols of Elders of Zion 265–81, 273; on Faisal meetings and Lawrence 293–6; founding of Hebrew University 296; Nabi Musa riots 317–21. Protocols of Elders of Zion: Aaronovitch, Voodoo Histories 22–48. Early Zionist attitude: Abu Zaida, ‘“A Miserable Provincial Town”’, JQ 32, Autumn 2007. Pappe 166–87: Grand Muftiship; Husseini estates’ involvement with King Faisal; Musa Kazem’s career 111–12; Amin in Damascus 170–1; Nabi Musa 189–203.
16 Herbert Samuel, arrival: Storrs 352–8 and 412–14. Stiffish character: Segev, Palestine 155. Oyster: Schneer 122–6. Cold, dry: Lloyd George quoted in Grigg, Lloyd George: War Leader 348. Wooden: Edward Keith-Roach, Pasha of Jerusalem 73. Chaim Bermant, The Cousinhood: The Anglo-Jewish Gentry 329–54. Politics: Krämer 213–24. Segev, Palestine 91–9. Gilbert, JTC 88. Samuel, Memoirs 154–75. Luke and Keith-Roach, Handbook of Palestine 86–101. Jabotinsky, revisionism: Shindler, Military Zionism 50, 61–5, 85–92; Samuel and watering down of Balfourism 1–32. Political philosophy of evolution, socialist cooperation and move towards ruthless pragmatism, strongman of Zionism, articles in 1914 and 1920: Shindler, History 21–35. Abu Zaida, ‘“A Miserable Provincial Town”’, JQ 32, Autumn 2007.
17 Churchill: Martin Gilbert, Churchill: A Life 428–38; also Gilbert, JTC 92. Gilbert, Churchill and the Jews, WSC boyhood essay 1; as Manchester MP and early meetings with Weizmann 7–15; Zionism and First World War 24–33; on article on International Jew 37–44, quoting Sunderland speech and Illustrated Sunday Herald 8 February 1920; colonial secretary trip to Cairo and Jerusalem 45–64; Rutenberg concession 78–85; created Transjordania ‘one Sunday afternoon’ 109. Faisal and Abdullah kingdoms: Shlaim, History 11–20. Lawrence as adviser, Hussein crass: Wilson, Lawrence 540; Sherifian solution, Cairo conference and Jerusalem meetings with Abdullah, Lawrence on Churchill 643–63 and 674. Karsh 309–25, especially 314–16, 318. Rogan 178–85. Fromkin 424–6, 435–48, 504–29. Khoury, Urban Notables and Arab-Nationalism 80–90. Cairo: Wallach, Desert Queen 293–301. Segev, Palestine 143–5. Krämer 161–3. Saudis vs Sherifians: Rogan 179–84. On Lawrence and Last Crusade: Fromkin 498–9. Faisal, Lawrence and Zionism: Weizmann 293–6. Thomas and Lawrence: Oren, Power 399–402.
18 Husseini vs Nashashibi. Portraits written with reference to Mahdi Abdul Hadi (ed.), Palestinian Personalities: A Biographical Dictionary. Mufti, character, career: Pappe 169–73; selection of mayor and mufti 201, 212–45. Gilbert Achcar, The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab–Israeli War Narratives, (henceforth Achcar) on Mufti policies and character 123–0; on megalomania 127, on variety of Arab opinions, liberals, Marxist nationalists, Islamicists 41–123; quote 52. On political parties, on blond mufti, jokes without laughter: author interview with Nasser Eddin Nashashibi. Nashashibi 14–19; election of mufti 38 and 126–8; mufti leader 79; differences between mufti and Nashashibi 75; Nashashibi brought down by Sir Arthur Wauchope 32. Wasserstein 324–7. Krämer 200–7 and 217–22. On Notables and rivalries: Benny Morris, 1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War 13–14. Mufti, poacher, British intimidated: Weizmann 342. Totalitarianism enlightened: Keith-Roach quoted in Segev, Palestine 4–9. Mufti, cause just, method unwise and immoral: John Glubb Pasha A Soldier with Arabs 41. Sole qualifications, pretension of family: Edward Keith-Roach, Pasha of Jerusalem 94. Sari Nusseibeh, Once Upon a Country: disastrous 36. Projection of holinesss and importance of Haram for nation: Krämer 237 and redemption of the land 251–3; family political parties 239–40. Tamari, ‘Jerusalem’s Ottoman Modernity’, JQ 9, Summer 2000. Tamari, ‘Vagabond Café and Jerusalem’s Prince of Idleness’, JQ 19, October 2003. On Haile Selassie and kings: John Tleel, ‘I am Jerusalem: Life in the Old City from the Mandate Period to the Present’, JQ 4, Spring 1999. Amos Oz, A Tale of Love and Darkness (henceforth Oz) 23, 38–42, 62, 118–19, 307, 324, 325, 329. Partition plans: Wasserstein 108–12. Shlaim, Israel and Palestine 25–36. ‘Harem Beauties Drive Fords thro Jerusalem’, Boston Sunday Herald 9 July 1922. British dislike Jews: John Chancellor quoted in Rose, Senseless Squalid War 31; easy to see why Arabs preferred to Jews, Richard Crossman 32. High British life and George Antonius??
? swinging party: Segev, Palestine 342–5; Ben-Gurion, evolving views and proposals to Musa Alami and George Antonius 275–7. Stalin/Birobidzhan: Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: Court of the Red Tsar and Young Stalin; Arkady Vaksberg, Stalin against the Jews 5.
19 Buraq Uprising and after: Wasif 2.484. Pappe 233–45. Achcar 128–133. Nusseibeh, Jerusalemites 39–43. Ilan Pappe, ‘Haj Amin and the Buraq Revolt’, JQ 18, June 2003. Shindler, Military Zionism 94–104. Keith-Roach, Pasha 119–22. Nusseibeh 31. Rogan 198–201. Krämer 225–37. Segev, Palestine 296–333. Gilbert, JTC 119–28. A. J. Sherman, Mandate Days: British Lives in Palestine 73–93. Mufti visits Nazi consul: Jeffrey Herf, Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World 16–17 and 29. Koestler quotes: Michael Scammell, Koestler: The Indispensable Intellectual 55–65. Ben-Gurion, evolution, socialism, pragmatism: Shindler, History 21–35.
White Paper, Black Letter, Passfield: Weizmann 409–16; deposed as president 417–22. Fall of Weizmann, rise of Ben-Gurion, Jabotinsky as Il Duce: Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion 59–67.
20 British Mandate life. Architecture: Kroyanker 143–65. Boston Sunday Herald 9 July 1922. British anti-Semitism: John Chancellor quoted in Rose, Senseless Squalid War 31; Richard Crossman 32. High British life, Antonius’ party: Segev, Palestine 342–50; author interview with Nasser Eddin Nashashibi. Kai Bird, Crossing Mandelbaum Gate (henceforth Bird), including ‘she was naughty’ quote, open marriage 16–19 and 22–42. Colonel P. H. Massy, Eastern Mediterranean Lands: Twenty Years of Life, Sport and Travel 69–70. Hunting etc.: Keith-Roach, Pasha 89; modern city, beauty parlour 95; Plumer and Chancellor good-looking actor 99/100. Brawl between Latins and Greeks with umbrella: Harry Luke, Cities and Men: An Autobiography 207; staff 213; life 241–5; toastmaster 218. King David Hotel: Gilbert, JTC 101–19 and 130. Private aeroplane: John Bierman and Colin Smith, Fire in the Night: Wingate of Burma, Ethiopia and Zion 79. Plumer and Chancellor: Segev, Palestine 289. Café life: Tamari, ‘Vagabond Café and Jerusalem’s Prince of Idleness’, JQ 19 October 2003. Neighbourhoods: Oz, Tale 23, 38–42. The May family: Miriam Gross, ‘Jerusalem Childhood’, Standpoint September 2010. Burial of Grand Duchess Ella: Warwick, Ella 302–12; Luke, Cities and Men 214.
The Families and the British: Storrs 423–5. Nusseibeh, Country 28–36, 62. Krämer 257–66. Congreve: Segev, Palestine 9; Wauchope and new Government House, duck-shooting 342–8. Nusseibeh, Jerusalemites: exhilarating city 52; Katy Antonius 133; houses, bookshops, families, white suits 409–25; no choice but armed rebellion 44–7. Immigration figures: Segev, Palestine 37. Churchill and Moyne visit King David Hotel: Gilbert, Churchill and the Jews 102; Woodhead Commission and increase in population of Arabs and Jews 152; partnership and characters of Ben-Gurion and Weizmann 76–9; negotiations with Musa Alami 82–7; on love life 118–19. On Ben-Gurion books and reading: author conversation with Shimon Peres. On Ben-Gurion Napoleon joke: conversation with Itzik Yaacovy. Weizmann character and attitude to Ben-Gurion: Weidenfeld, Remembering my Good Friends 201–20. Achcar, variety of Arab opinons, nationalists, liberals, Marxists, Islamicists 41–123. Mufti and Zionist proposal for shared states and two-tier legislatives: Pappe 226–8.
21 Arab Rebellion: Krämer 259–65. Rogan 204–7. Morris, 1948 18–20. Achcar 133–40; on breadth of Arab opinions 41–133. Tarboush and gangs: Nashashibi 97–103 and 46–57. Wasif 2.539–49. Ruthless methods: Segev, Palestine 350–2, 361–74, 382–8, 402, 414–43. Nusseibeh, Jerusalemites 42–9: first shots. Revolt, Wingate, like Lawrence: Weizmann 489–91 and 588. Destruction of compromise and Judah Magnes: Oren, Power 436–8. Walid Khalidi, From Haven to Conquest, 20–2, 33–5 Abd al-Kadir Husseini, portrait written with reference to Hadi, Palestinian Personalities. Pappe quoted 278; on mufti violence 246–82; Abd al-Kadir 225; 260–2; 269; 292–6.
22 Wingate and Dayan, Arab Rebellion: Wasif 2.539–49. Ruthless methods: Segev, Palestine 400–2, 414–43. Bierman and Smith, Fire in the Night 29–30, 55–130. Moshe Dayan, Story of my Life (henceforth Dayan) 41–7; Montgomery executions: Rose, Senseless Squalid War 45. Walid Khalidi, From Haven to Conquest, 20–2, 33–5. Dayan: Ariel Sharon, Warrior 76, 127, 222.
Revolt, restraint: Segev, Palestine 420–43; Wingate, negotiations 489–91 and 588. Wasserstein 115–16. Ben-Gurion emergence as strongman of Zionism: Shindler, History 21–35; restraint 35–6; Sadeh and Wingate 36–8. St James’s Palace conference/White Paper/war: Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion 93–105. Moderates undermined: Oren, Power 436–8. Jerusalem lost to Arabs 17 October 1938: Pappe 287; Abd al-Kadir Husseini 292–6.
23 Mufti in Berlin, Second World War: Herf, Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World, with Hitler 73–9, 185–9; with Himmler 199–203. Views on Holocaust and Jews: Morris, 1948 21–2. Achcar: mufti’s extremist views; mufti’s views unrepresentative of Arab views 140–52. Pappe 305–17. Decadence Asmahan: Mansel, Levant 306–7; Philip Mansel, Asmahan, Siren of the Nile (unpublished ms). Wartime: Nusseibeh, Jerusalemites 49–51. Rogan 246–50. Dayan 48–74. Krämer 307–10. Pappe 305–17. Second World War Jewish fears; Wasif 2.558–60; Abd el-Kadir Husseini 2.601–2. Musa Budeiri, ‘A Chronicle of a Defeat Foretold: The Battle for Jerusalem in the Memoirs of Anwar Nusseibeh’, JQ 3, Winter/Spring 2001. Begin parochial not poetical: Rose, Senseless Squalid War 63–5. Koestler quotes on Begin/Ben-Gurion: Scammell, Koestler 331. Begin’s military Zionist clash with Jabotinsky: Shindler, Military Zionism 205–12, 219–23, Begin’s character and ideology including quote on hunter from ex-Israeli ambassador to Britian and paraphrased quote on maximalist ideology, emotional Judaism: Shindler, History 147–150. Pappe 323–7. Menachem Begin, The Revolt (henceforth Begin) 25; shofar at Wall 88, 91; Descartes 46–7; attacks in Jerusalem 49, 62; operations and United Command 191–7; King David 212–20. Christopher Andrew, Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5 352–66, including King David bomb 353. Population 93,000: Wasserstein 121; MacMichael plan 116; Fitzgerald/Gort plan 120–3; Truman/Anglo-American Commission 122; population 100,000 128. Katy Antonius parties: author interview with N. Nashashibi. Stalin and FDR at Yalta: S. M. Plokhy, Yalta: The Price of Peace 343. Vaksberg, Stalin Against the Jews 139. FDR, Stalin and Truman on Zionism: Morris, 1948 24–5. Churchill and Stalin to Jerusalem: Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill 7.1046–7, 1050, 1064 – thanks to Sir Martin Gilbert for bringing this to my attention. Truman and founding of Israel: quotes from David McCullough, Truman 415 and 595–620. Truman, character: Oren, Power 475–7. Lord Moyne, East Prussia offer: Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion 106. Katy Antonius, divorce, death of George, relationship with Barker: Segev, Palestine 480, 499; also Katy Antonius obituary, The Times 8 December 1984; author interview with N. Nashashibi; Bird 16–19 and 37–43.
24 1947/Farran: Rogan 251–62. Krämer 310–12. Pappe 328–41. Gilbert, JTC 186–271. Gilbert, Churchill and the Jews, speech ‘senseless squalid war’ 261–7. The Farran story is based on David Cesarani, Major Farran’s Hat: Murder, Scandal and Britain’s War against Jewish Terrorism 1945–8: Montgomery’s crackdown and rising terrorism 10–58; Farran character 63–81; policing style and kidnapping 90–8; trial 173–4. The Times 6 June 2006 obituary. Ben-Gurion price of statehood: Wasserstein 125. Montgomery at Katy Antonius: author interview with N. Nashashibi. Truman ‘Biblical scholar’: Clark Clifford quoted in Rose, Senseless Squalid War 73. US-Soviet attitude to Palestine: Morris, 1948 24–5. McCullough, Truman 415, 595–620. Truman, put an underdog on top: Gilbert, Churchill and the Jews 266. Anti-Jewish comments by British officials: Efraim Karsh, Palestine Betrayed quoting Cunningham 75. Katy Antonius and Barker: Segev, Palestine 480, 499; also Katy Antonius obituary, The Times 8 December 1984; author interview with N. Nashashibi: Bird 16–18 and 37–43. Churchill on anti-Semitism among British officials: Gilbert C hurchill, and the Jews 190; Irgun vilest gangsters 270. British security forces: Andrew, Defence of the Realm 352–66; Keith Jefferey, MI6 689–97.
25 1947–May 1948, Deir Yassin and Abd al-Kadir Husseini: Rogan 251–62. Wasserstein 133–424; Nigel Clive quote on clapping children, 150. Abd al-Kadir Husseini, character:
Hadi, Palestinian Personalities.
Ben-Gurion: Oz, Tale 424. Dayan 48–74. Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs (henceforth Rabin): childhood 1–10; battle for Jerusalem 16–27. Krämer 310–12. Gilbert, JTC 186–271. Nusseibeh, Country 38–56, including appeal to Abdullah; heroic Abd al-Kadir Husseini 52–4; fighting after UN vote 43; father shot 56. Fighting at Montefiore between Jews, Arab and British: during the Montefiore battle, 10 February 1948: Avraham-Michael Kirshenbaum was killed by British sniper at Montefiore Battle. Nusseibeh, Jerusalemites 64–5. End of Mandate: Wasif 2.603–5. Abd el-Kadir Husseini: Wasif 2.601–2. Budeiri, ‘Chronicle of a Defeat Foretold’, JQ 3, Winter/Spring 2001. Abdullah: Shlaim, Lion of Jordan 20–49. On Gaza Palestine government: Shlaim, Israel and Palestine 37–53. Oz, Tale 318–21; Ben-Gurion diary quoted at 333; UN vote 343. On mufti’s role: Achcar 153–6.