52 “I feel that I”: Ibid., p. 190.
53 “leave its neighbors”: Ibid., p. 194.
54 “the finest piece”: Ibid., p. 200.
55 “in a frenzy”: Brown, Ordeal of a Playwright, p. 45.
56 “the most sordid”: Brown, Worlds of Robert E. Sherwood, p. 235.
57 “It makes me”: Brown, Ordeal of a Playwright, p. 96.
58 “rather sick”: Sherwood diary, Sept. 15, 1939, Sherwood papers, HL.
59 “Hitlerism was already”: Brown, Ordeal of a Playwright, p. 48.
60 “Will Lindbergh”: Sherwood diary, Sept. 18, 1939, Sherwood papers, HL.
61 “give all the”: Sherwood to William Allen White, Oct. 4, 1939, Sherwood papers, HL.
62 “the terrible”: Sherwood to William Allen White, Dec. 11, 1939, Sherwood papers, HL.
CHAPTER 6: “I AM ALMOST LITERALLY WALKING ON EGGS”
1 “as close to”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 470.
2 “three and a half”: John DeWitt McKee, William Allen White: Maverick on Main Street (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1975), p. 180.
3 “If America really”: Langer and Gleason, Challenge to Isolation, p. 220.
4 “I am almost”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 227.
5 “could charm snakes”: Time, Sept. 25, 1939.
6 “tired and worn”: Vincent Sheean, “Reporter at Large,” New Yorker, Oct. 7, 1939.
7 “I regret”: Burns, Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox, p. 396.
8 “We’re mothers!”: Time, Oct. 2, 1939.
9 “nerves were strung”: Time, Oct. 16, 1939.
10 “One might have”: Agar, Darkest Year, p. 136.
11 “from hell to”: Life, Oct. 2, 1939.
12 “If you believe”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 228.
13 “the elaborate pretense”: Davis, FDR: Into the Storm, p. 500.
14 “We have won”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 228.
15 “We have forced”: Cole, Roosevelt and the Isolationists, p. 330.
16 “more security”: Margaret Paton-Walsh, Our War Too: American Women Against the Axis (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002), p. 53.
17 “Why don’t you”: Burns, Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox, pp. 397–98.
18 “Say I was”: Ibid., p. 398.
19 “with an uneasy”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 229.
CHAPTER 7: “PARANOIA CAN BE CATCHING”
1 “a queer sort”: Life, Sept. 18, 1939.
2 “the smallest domestic”: James C. Schneider, Should America Go to War? The Debate Over Foreign Policy in Chicago, 1939–1941 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989), p. 35.
3 “it is not good”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 299.
4 “would be tantamount”: Langer and Gleason, Challenge to Isolation, p. 339.
5 “not engage in”: Goodhart, Fifty Ships, p. 56.
6 “How long can”: Alonso, Robert E. Sherwood, p. 206.
7 “the hysterical escapism”: Ibid., p. 207.
8 “Warmongers Capture”: Ibid., p. 211.
9 “rank and inflammatory”: “The Great Debate,” Time, May 13, 1940.
10 “American foreign policy”: Davis, FDR: Into the Storm, p. 513.
11 “an international danger”: Ibid., p. 526.
12 “considered repeal”: Langer and Gleason, Challenge to Isolation, p. 272.
13 “shortened the war”: Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 5.
14 “chaotic world conditions”: Davis, FDR: Into the Storm, p. 538.
15 “hurricane of events”: Burns, Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox, p. 419.
16 “would be left”: Life, May 27, 1940.
17 “There is no”: Ickes, Secret Diary, p. 188.
18 “near hysteria”: J. Garry Clifford and Samuel R. Spencer Jr., The First Peacetime Draft (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1986), p. 10.
19 “Dollars cannot”: Agar, Darkest Year, p. 169.
20 “a victorious Fascist Army”: Life, June 24, 1940.
21 “so graphic”: Berle diary, June 26, 1940, Berle papers, FDRPL.
22 “paranoia can be”: Berle diary, Aug. 28, 1940, Berle papers, FDRPL.
23 “President Roosevelt”: Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports! (New York, Henry Holt, 1958), pp. 17–18.
24 “with diabolical cleverness”: Clifford and Spencer, First Peacetime Draft, p. 11.
25 “The man at”: Wheeler, Yankee from the West, p. 18.
26 “apparently were going”: Murray Green interview with Mrs. Henry Arnold, Green papers, AFA.
27 “it is doubtful”: Murray Green unpublished manuscript, Green papers, AFA.
28 “Are you going”: Wheeler, Yankee from the West, p. 21.
29 “The press is hysterical”: Charles Lindbergh, Wartime Journals, p. 348.
30 “childish”: Castle diary, May 19, 1940, Castle papers, HL.
31 “furious at the”: Ibid.
32 “must stop this”: New York Times, May 20, 1940.
33 “This will raise”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 84.
34 “The ‘hysterical chatter’ ”: Herrmann, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, p. 238.
35 “If I should die”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 128.
36 “When I read”: FDR to Henry Stimson, May 21, 1940, President’s Secretary File, FDRPL.
37 “fifth-column activities”: New York Times, May 23, 1940.
38 “Fifth columns”: Ibid.
39 “weakening a nation”: New York Times, May 27, 1940.
40 “its friends in”: Richard W. Steele, Propaganda in an Open Society: The Roosevelt Administration and the Media, 1939–1941 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985), p. 70.
41 “apologists to foreign”: Ibid.
42 “treacherous use”: Ibid., p. 72.
43 “did not view”: Ibid., p. 69.
44 “a wholesome political”: New York Times, May 27, 1940.
45 “a hysteria was”: Ickes, Secret Diary, p. 211.
46 “morbid fears”: “Under Strain,” Time, June 3, 1940.
47 “was hunting down”: Harold Ickes diary, May 26, 1940, Ickes papers, LC.
48 “America isn’t going”: Ibid.
49 “Some of our”: Ibid., June 2, 1940.
50 “our own excitement”: Richard W. Steele, Free Speech in the Good War (New York: St. Martin’s, 1999), p. 79.
51 “patriotic judges”: Ibid., p. 111.
52 “an orgy of”: Ibid., p. 4.
53 “a clear and present”: Ibid., p. 10.
54 “the Holy War”: Geoffrey Perret, Days of Sadness, Years of Triumph: The American People, 1939–1945 (New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1973), p. 95.
55 “more and more”: Steele, Free Speech, p. 85.
56 “Why shouldn’t Lindbergh”: Ibid., p. 121.
57 “had a tendency”: Jackson, That Man, p. 74.
58 “It was all”: Biddle, In Brief Authority, p. 108.
59 “the Nazi movement”: Steele, Free Speech, p. 30.
60 “the general [Communist]”: Ibid.
61 “identifying data”: Ibid., p.32.
62 “in the event”: Ibid., p. 34.
63 “done far less”: Berle diary, March 21, 1940, Berle papers, FDRPL.
64 “be careful about”: Ickes, Secret Diary, p. 10.
65 “almost bound to”: Steele, Free Speech, p. 90.
66 “apply to grave”: Ibid., p. 91.
67 “did not have”: Ibid., p. 112.
68 “factors of political”: Robert Justin Goldstein, Political Repression in Modern America: From 1870 to the Present (Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1978), p. 253.
69 “to go over these”: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets (New York: Norton, 1991), p. 225.
70 “prepare a nice”: Ibid., p. 226.
71 “bitter opposition”: Mosley, Lindbergh, p. 417.
72 “No human being”: Truman Smith, Berlin Alert, p. 33.
73 “Marshall protected??
?: Wedemeyer biographical sketch of Marshall, Wedemeyer papers, HI.
74 “an American Dreyfus”: Truman Smith, Berlin Alert, p. 33.
75 “stay away”: Ibid., p. 34.
76 “the Administration”: Charles Lindbergh, Wartime Journals, p. 352.
77 “Aren’t you worried”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 104.
78 “It’s that awful”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 8: “THE ART OF MANIPULATION”
1 “In modern war”: Cull, Selling War, p. 80.
2 “a virtual textbook”: David Ignatius, “Britain’s War in America,” Washington Post, Sept. 17, 1989.
3 “one of the”: Cull, Selling War, p. 4.
4 “If the isolationists”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 270.
5 “An extremely private”: Bill Macdonald, The True Intrepid: Sir William Stephenson and the Unknown Agents (Vancouver, B.C.: Raincoast Books, 2001), p. 239.
6 “never told anybody”: Ibid., p. 225.
7 “like a panther”: Ibid., pp. 273–74.
8 “You’d meet”: Ibid., p. 326.
9 “the most powerful”: H. Montgomery Hyde, Room 3603: The Story of the British Intelligence Center in New York During World War II (New York: Farrar, Straus, 1963), p. xi.
10 “If I have”: Macdonald, True Intrepid, p. 327.
11 “Booth’s gin”: William Stevenson, Spymistress: The True Story of the Greatest Female Secret Agent of World War II (New York: Arcade, 2007), p. 155.
12 “there should be”: British Security Coordination, The Secret History of British Intelligence in the Americas, 1940–1945 (New York: Fromm International, 1999), p. xxv.
13 “the mail of”: Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, p. 282.
14 “She was the”: Macdonald, True Intrepid, p. 175.
15 “The greatest care”: British Security Coordination, pp. 19–20.
16 “rendered services”: Ibid., p. 20.
17 “sensational and vicious”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 10 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 413.
18 “the general”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 9 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 626.
19 “shouted down”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 12 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 60.
20 “The real friends”: Ibid., p. 906.
21 “The less we”: Ibid.
22 “a German-American”: F. Bradley Smith, The Shadow Warriors: O.S.S. and the Origins of the C.I.A. (New York: Basic, 1983), p. 39.
23 “the invisible government”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 187.
24 “The best British”: Lockhart, Comes the Reckoning, p. 29.
25 “in the U.S.A.”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 12 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 907.
26 “Influential journalists”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 9 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 43.
27 “great results”: Ibid., p. 559.
CHAPTER 9: “IS THIS WAR OUR CONCERN?”
1 “We shall fight”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 351.
2 “We shall fight”: Olson, Troublesome Young Men, p. 316.
3 “They say there”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 319.
4 “Never has a”: Olson and Cloud, A Question of Honor, p. 93.
5 “shattered, starving”: Davis, FDR: Into the Storm, p. 558.
6 “seemed to be”: David Reynolds, Lord Lothian and Anglo-American Relations, 1939–1940 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1983), p. 19.
7 “the material resources”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 358.
8 “the shock of excitement”: Wheeler-Bennett, Special Relationships, p. 97.
9 “The U.S. has”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 358.
10 “It is a drop”: David Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 448.
11 “Our unreadiness”: Clifford and Spencer, First Peacetime Draft, p. 45.
12 “the Army”: Langer and Gleason, Challenge to Isolation, p. 569.
13 “Up till April”: James R. M. Butler, Lord Lothian: Philip Kerr, 1882–1940 (New York: St. Martin’s, 1960), p. 120.
14 “It is no”: “Lord Lothian’s Job,” Time, July 8, 1940.
15 “Only the experienced”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 9 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 339.
16 “No newspaper was”: “The Great Debate,” Time, May 13, 1940.
17 “If you could”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 375.
18 “We have been”: Life, June 3, 1940.
19 “being decided upon”: William Allen White, “Is Our Way of Life Doomed?,” New York Times, Sept. 9, 1940.
20 “Our idea”: Langer and Gleason, Challenge to Isolation, p. 487.
21 “terrible sense”: Paton-Walsh, Our War Too, p. 82.
22 “I always understood”: Mosley, Lindbergh, p. 263.
23 “I am in”: Elizabeth Morrow to Thomas Lamont, May 25, 1940, Lamont papers, BL.
24 “I can’t bear”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 99.
25 “He has been”: Ibid., p. 96.
26 “Anti-Christ”: Ibid.
27 “I urge the”: Herrmann, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, p. 232.
28 “Of course”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 97.
29 “How I wish”: Ibid., p. 100.
30 “Unless you recall”: Paton-Walsh, Our War Too, p. 5.
31 “A bit of”: Sherwood diary, Jan. 18, 1940, Sherwood papers, HL.
32 “fiercely militant liberal”: “Old Monotonous,” New Yorker, June 8, 1940.
33 “if Hitler wins”: Alonso, Robert E. Sherwood, p. 214.
34 “a mighty good thing”: Brown, Ordeal of a Playwright, pp. 85–86.
35 “either an imbecile”: Ibid., p. 87.
36 “just as loyal”: Oswald Garrison Villard to William Allen White, undated, White papers, LC.
37 “has aroused”: William Allen White to Sherwood, June 14, 1940, Sherwood papers, HL.
38 “to those who”: Sherwood to William Allen White, June 17, 1940, Sherwood papers, HL.
39 “for having gone”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 167.
40 “immediate and unstinted”: Steele, Propaganda, p. 100.
41 “We are doing”: William Allen White to Herbert Bayard Swope, May 31, 1940, White papers, LC.
42 “My correspondence is”: William Allen White telegram to FDR, June 10, 1940, White papers, LC.
43 “you will get”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 355.
44 “it would have”: Clifford and Spencer, First Peacetime Draft, p. 55.
45 “The sense of”: Francis Pickens Miller, Man from the Valley: Memoirs of a 20th-Century Virginian (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1971), p. 89.
46 “We who”: Agar, Darkest Year, p. 145.
47 “those citizens”: Ibid., p. 56.
48 “What a majority”: Life, Oct. 9, 1939.
CHAPTER 10: “WHY DO WE NOT DEFEND HER?”
1 “authors, artists”: The Century Association, The Century 1847–1946 (New York: The Century Association, 1947), p. 5.
2 “a gracious place”: Ibid., p. 103.
3 “When they thought”: Ibid., p. 62.
4 “a sense of country”: Frederic S. Nathan, Centurions in Public Service (New York: The Century Association, 2010), p. 54.
5 “rich, overeducated”: William Manchester, The Glory and the Dream: A Narrative History of America, 1932–1972 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1973), p. 175.
6 “a bloodless”: Robert Sherwood, This Is New York (New York: Scribner’s, 1931), p. ix.
7 “aggressive Americans”: Ibid.
8 “sole refuge”: Ibid., p. xiii.
9 “the American
spirit”: Ibid., p. xii.
10 “transplanted Negroes”: Manchester, Glory and the Dream, p. 167.
11 “New York”: Alsop, “I’ve Seen the Best of It,” p. 35.
12 “united in scorn”: Allen, Only Yesterday, p. 203.
13 “the humor magazine”: Alan Brinkley, The Publisher: Henry Luce and His American Century (New York: Knopf, 2010), p. 197.
14 “not for the”: Ibid., p. 196.
15 “amounted to”: Susan E. Tifft and Alex S. Jones, The Patriarch: The Rise and Fall of the Bingham Dynasty (New York: Summit, 1991), p. 162.
16 “the most outspoken”: Ibid.
17 “I think the”: Agar, Darkest Year, p. 144.
18 “The isolationists”: Ibid., p. 1.
19 “was our Old”: Chadwin, War Hawks, p. 53.
20 “came out”: “Reaction,” Time, May 27, 1940.
21 “New York is”: Robert T. Elson, Time, Inc.: The Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise, 1923–1941 (New York: Atheneum, 1968), pp. 373–74.
22 “I want more”: David Halberstam, The Powers That Be (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. 48.
23 “like an infinitely”: Chadwin, War Hawks, p. 63.
24 “The American refusal”: Alan Brinkley, Publisher, p. 141.
25 “we were going”: Miller, Man from the Valley, p. 98.
CHAPTER 11: “THE GREATEST OF ALL OUR AMBASSADORS”
1 “could have no”: Wheeler-Bennett, Special Relationships, p. 66.
2 “the greatest”: Ibid.
3 “how Americans look”: Butler, Lord Lothian, p. 260.
4 “has caught”: Priscilla Roberts, “Lord Lothian and the Atlantic World,” The Historian, March 2004, p. 105.
5 “I always feel”: Ibid.
6 “quite spoil”: Butler, Lord Lothian, p. 144.
7 “I am now”: Ibid., p. 261.
8 “one would be”: Wheeler-Bennett, Special Relationships, p. 72.
9 “I hope you”: Ibid., p. 73.
10 “South Africa for”: James Fox, Five Sisters: The Langhornes of Virginia (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 156.
11 “my constant companion”: New York Times, Dec. 13, 1940.
12 “Lloyd George’s other”: Ibid.
13 “a visionary”: Butler, Lord Lothian, p. 236.
14 “If only”: Ibid., p. 206.
15 “the most influential”: Fox, Five Sisters, p. 435.
16 “the most dangerous”: Ibid.