Julius III (Giammaria Ciocchi del Monte), Pope (1550–55), 661, 712–713, 714, 719
Justus van Ghent (fl, 1460–80), 343
K
Keats, John (1795–1821), 456
Khwarizmi, al–(780–c.850), 692
Kindi, al–(c. 850), 692
Knights of Rhodes, 400
L
La Ramée, Pierre (1515–72), 695
La Tour d’Auvergne, Madeleine de (d. 1519), 518
labor troubles, 35, 71–72
Ladislaus VII, King of Hungary (1490–1516), 414
Ladislaus III, King of Poland (1434–44), 371
Laetus, Julius Pomponius (1428–98), 392–393, 495–496, 690
Landi, Amadeo de’ (1440), 529, 573
Landino, Cristoforo (1424–1504), 115, 120, 123
Landino, Francesco (1325–97), 40, 602
Landriani, Gherardo (1422), 78
Landsknechte, 628, 629
Lannoy, Charles de (d. 1527), 626, 627, 629, 630
Laocoön, 496, 651, 701
Lasca (Antonio Francesco Grazzini: 1503–83), 697
Lascaris, Constantine (1434–1501), 79, 316, 318
Lascaris, John (c. 1445–1535), 119, 486, 522
Lateran (Rome) Council, 445, 446, 481, 540, 589
Laura, see Sade, Laura de Laurana, Luciano (c. 1420–79), 342
Laureti, Tommaso (1530–1602), 713
Lautrec, Odet de Foix, Vicomte de (1485–1528), 621, 634–635
law, 286, 592
League of Holy Union, 618
Lebrun, Charles (1619–90), 332, 683
Leo X (Giovanni de’ Medici), Pope (1513–21), 78, 115, 148, 163, 164, 214, 239, 243, 265–266, 273, 277, 318, 319, 335, 346, 348, 376, 401, 405, 406, 448, 451, 463, 477–488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 496, 497, 498, 499, 501–502, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 515, 516–521, 527–528, 540, 545, 553–554, 561, 563, 564, 595, 596, 602, 619–621, 622, 623, 625, 628, 639, 641, 654, 701
Leo XIII (Gioacchino Pecci), Pope (1878–1903), 407
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), 101, 108, 131, 133, 135, 139, 140, 149, 165, 166, 173, 185, 187, 195, 197, 199–228, 232, 233, 238, 258, 304, 328, 340, 417, 421, 425, 452, 454, 468, 470, 472, 516, 519, 529, 530, 600, 665, 667, 692, 697, 702, 717, 718, 722, 728
Adoration of the Magi, 201
Annunciation, 199, 200
as inventor, 209, 213, 216, 219–221
as philosopher, 225–226
as scientist, 221–225
as writer, 217–218
Codice Atlantico, 218
drawings, 218–219
Last Supper, 204–206, 227, 697
Mona Lisa, 204, 211–213, 454
Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, frescoes, 210–211
St. John, 214
statue of Francesco Sforza, 206–207, 227
Virgin, Child, and St. Anne, 208–209
Virgin, Child, St. Anne, and St. John, 208–209, 218, 227
Virgin of the Rocks, 197, 204
Leoni, Leone (1509–90), 178, 711
Leopardi, Alessandro (d. c. 1522), 132, 281, 293, 295
Lepanto, battle of, 650, 675
Letters (Aretino), 658–659
Liber facetiarum (Poggio Bracciolini), 83
Liberale da Verona (1451–1536), 325
liberty, 546–547
libraries, 76–77, 119, 342–343, 377, 379, 387, 488–489
Libro dell’ arte (Cennini), 99
Libro d’oro (Venice), 285
Ligorio, Pirro (c. 1510–83), 714
Liguria, 176
Linacre, Thomas (1460?-1524), 123, 317, 529, 728
Lippi, Filippino (1457–1504), 105, 137, 139–140, 200, 201, 208, 247, 386, 468, 706
Lippi, Fra Filippo (c. 1406–69), 104–106, 137, 138
Livy (Titus Livius: 59 B.C.-A.D. 17), 350, 487, 491, 547, 551
Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo (1538-c. 1600), 206
Lombardi, Alfonso (1463–1536), 335
Lombardo, Antonio (c. 1458-c. 1516), 281, 295
Lombardo, Moro (1481), 295
Lombardo, Pietro (c. 1435–1515), 281, 293, 295, 339
Lombardo, Sante (fl. 1524–27), 295
Lombardo, Tullio (c. 1455–1532), 281, 295
Loredano, Giacomo (1527), 595
Loredano, Leonardo, Doge of Venice (1501–21), 288, 300–301
Loredano, Pietro, Doge of Venice (1567–70), 665
Lorenzetti, Ambrogio (fl. 1324–48), 36–37
Lorenzetti, Pietro (fl. 1305–48), 36–37
Lorenzo Monaco (c. 1370–1425), 99, 101
Lorenzo Veneziano (fl. 1356–72), 40
Loreto, 164, 234, 312, 341, 569
Lotti, Lorenzetto (1490–1541), 507
Lotto, Lorenzo (1480–1556), 311–313, 321, 684
Louis IV of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor (1314–47), 57
Louis XI, King of France (1461–83), 184, 388, 609, 610
Louis XII, King of France (1498–1515), 177, 178, 189, 190, 191, 207, 213, 257, 417, 419, 420, 421, 422, 424, 425, 430, 435, 516, 542, 613, 614, 615–617, 618–619
Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715), 506*
Louis I, King of Hungary (1342–82), 15
Louis Allemand, Blessed (c. 1380–1450), 368
Louis of Canossa (d. 1532), 345
Louise of Savoy, Countess of Angoulême (1476–1531), 431, 621, 629, 635
Lourdes (Zola), 673
Loyola, Ignatius, St. (1491–1556), 689
Lucca, 229
Lucretius Carus, Titus (96?-55 B.C.), 41, 536
Luini, Bernardino (1470–1533), 228
Lully, Raymond (c. 1235–1315), 692
Luna, Pedro de (1328–1423), see Benedict XIII, Antipope
lute, 604
Luther, Martin (1483–1546), 13, 161, 352, 370, 388, 486, 489, 519, 533–534, 543, 546, 572, 606, 622, 626, 628, 631, 645, 686, 688
Lutherans, 635
Luzzi, Mondino de’ (c. 1270–1326), 531
M
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Baron (1800–59), 565
Macer, 679, 682
Machiavelli, Niccolò (1469–1527), 109, 110, 161, 162, 180, 210, 276, 354, 375, 408, 417, 420, 422, 424, 434, 439, 443, 490, 517, 521, 526, 545, 546, 547–567, 568, 570, 579, 598, 606–607, 619, 657, 727
Madrid, treaty of, 627
madrigals, 602, 603–604
Magliana, Villa, 484
Maitani, Lorenzo (before 1275–1330), 35
Malatesta, Carlo (c. 1364–1429), 339
Malatesta, Giovanni (d. 1304), 339
Malatesta, Pandolfo (1377–1427), 240
Malatesta, Pandolfo (1475–1534), 419, 421
Malatesta, Paolo (d. 1285), 339
Malatesta, Parisina, Marchioness of Ferrara (d. 1425), 262
Malatesta, Roberto (d. 1482), 396
Malatesta, Sigismondo Pandolfo (1417–68), 231, 339–341, 342
Malevolti, Orlando, 237
malfeasance, 592
Malory, Sir Thomas (fl. 1444–71), 271
Mancini, Faustina (d. c. 1520), 492, 577
Mancione, Geronimo (1501), 415
Mandragola (Machiavelli), 553–554, 598
Manetti, Giannozzo (1396–1459), 79, 82, 84, 350, 377, 379
Manetti, Latino (1535), 690
Manfredi, Astorre (d. 1502), 420, 421
manners, 593–594, 606
Mantegazza, Cristoforo (d. 1482), 179
Mantegna, Andrea (1431–1506), 22, 251–255, 258, 298, 301, 328, 336, 400
Ducal Palace frescoes, Mantua, 252
Eremitani frescoes, Padua, 252, 267
Parnassus, 254
Triumph of Caesar, 253–254, 259
Verona polyptych, 253
Mantua, 108, 196, 249–260
Palazzo del Te, 259
Reggia, 257–258
Mantua, Congress of, 389–390, 618
Manutius, Aldus I (1450–1515), 257, 315–318, 338, 375, 440, 480, 486, 487, 508–509, 571
Manutius, A
ldus II (1547–97), 317
Maramaldi, Fabrizio (1530), 636–637
Marcello, Cristoforo (1527), 632
Marches, the, 327*
Marcillat, Guillaume de (1467–1529), 448
Marcio, Galeotto (1478), 573
Marco d’Oggiono (c. 1475-c. 1530), 206, 228
Maremma, drainage of the, 700
Margani, Pietro (d. 1480), 396
Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands (1480–1530), 635
Margaret of France, Duchess of Savoy (1532–74), 711
Maria d’Aquino, 10–11, 29–30
Maria of Savoy, Duchess of Milan (married 1427), 182
Mariano, Lorenzo di (1476–1534), 237, 238
Marignano, battle of, 613, 619, 629
Mariolatry, 569
Marone, Andrea (1527), 632
Marot, Clément (c. 1495–1544), 488
marriage, 578–579, 582, 588
Marsilius of Padua (c. 1290?-1343), 363, 538
Marsuppini, Carlo (c. 1399–1453), 79, 82, 96, 377
Martin V (Oddone Colonna), Pope (1417–31), 83, 240, 366, 367–368, 369, 370
Martini, Simone (1283–1344), 5, 13, 35–36, 53
Maestà (Siena), 35–36
Mary, the Virgin, 86
Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi: 1401-c. 1429), 100–101, 104, 135, 140, 231, 245, 454, 672, 722
Masolino da Panicale (1383–1447), 100, 101
Mass, the, 543, 544
Masuccio (Tommaso de’ Guardati: 1476), 572, 697, 699*
Massimi, Domenico (1527), 631
Matarezzo, Francesco (1500), 241–242, 243, 412, 427
mathematics, 692
Matilda of Tuscany, Countess (1046–1115), 375
Matteo di Giovanni (1435–95), 237, 238
Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary (1458–90), 119, 130, 132, 390–391
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1493–1519), 189, 190, 191, 534, 611, 612, 613–614, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620
Mazochi, Iacopo (1521), 496
Mazzoni, Guido (1450–1518), 333
medals, 324
Medici, Alessandro de’, Duke of Florence (1531–37), 545, 637, 643, 699, 701, 703, 704, 717
Medici, Averardo de’ (1314), 73
Medici, Carlo de’ (d. 1492), 105
Medici, Caterina de’, see Médicis, Catherine de, Queen of France
Medici, Cosimo de’, Pater Patriae (1389–1464), 69, 74–77, 80, 81, 82, 85–86, 89, 90, 93, 94, 95, 97, 103, 104, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 119, 128, 143, 169, 184, 193, 231, 353, 366, 370, 371, 377, 554, 699, 703, 726
Medici, Cosimo I de’, Duke of Florence (1537–69), Grand Duke of Tuscany (1569–74), 90, 468, 545, 583, 699–701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 710, 719
Medici, Ferdinando I de’, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1587–1609), 699
Medici, Ferdinando II de’, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1620–70), 455
Medici, Francesco de’, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1574–87), 700, 702
Medici, Giovanni de’ (1475–1521), see Leo X, Pope
Medici, Giovanni Angelo de’ (1499–1565), see Pius IV, Pope
Medici, Giovanni (“delle Bande Nere”) de’ (1498–1526), 554, 628, 629, 655, 660, 699, 703
Medici, Giovanni di Bicci de’ (1360–1429), 73, 88
Medici, Giuliano de’ (1453–78), 111, 113, 124, 125, 137, 138, 593, 624, 641
Medici, Giuliano de’, Duke of Nemours (1479–1516), 141, 163, 214, 319, 341, 345, 481, 551, 581, 641, 642
Medici, Giulio de’ (1478–1534), see Clement VII, Pope
Medici, Ippolito (1511–35), 335, 492, 530, 665, 703, 704
Medici, Lorenzino de’ (1514–48), 699
Medici, Lorenzo de’ (the Elder: 1395–1440), 143, 699
Medici, Lorenzo de’ (the Magnificent—il magnifico: 1449–92), 76, 89, 97, 110–120, 121, 123, 125, 126, 128–129, 130, 131, 137, 138, 240–142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 164, 189, 194, 262, 322, 342, 354, 356, 395, 400, 401, 464, 465, 467, 477, 478–480, 490, 528, 530, 538, 543, 554, 593, 596, 597, 601, 602, 622, 624–625, 641, 644, 726
Medici, Lorenzo de’, Duke of Urbino (1516–19), 163, 518, 551, 561, 563, 564, 641, 642
Medici, Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de’ (1463–1507), 465
Medici, Maddalena de’ (1472–1519), 400
Medici, Piero de’ (il Gottoso: 1414–69), 90, 97, 105, 110, 111, 112, 128, 131, 132, 134, 137
Medici, Piero de’ (1471–1503), 123, 141, 143, 147, 148, 465, 480, 611
Medici, Salvestro de’ (1378), 73–74
Medici family, origin of name, 73*
Medici tombs (Michelangelo), 499, 636, 641–644, 722, 723
medicine, 486, 530–537, 693
Médicis, Catherine de, Queen of France (1519–89), 518, 564, 638, 645, 703
Mellon, Andrew W. (1855–1937), 456–457
Melozzo da Forli (1438–94), 233, 338, 343, 398, 599
Melzi, Francesco (1492-c. 1570), 226, 227, 228
Menaechmi (Plautus), 269, 598
mercenaries, 437, 560, 591, 596, 613, 628, 629–632
Merino, Gabriele (c. 1513), 483
metalwork, 314
Metamorphoses (Apuleius), 510
Meteorology (Aristotle), 543
Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564), 88, 92–93, 98, 128, 133, 135–136, 139, 149, 162, 163–164, 165, 166, 168, 210–211, 215, 233, 234, 236, 237, 247, 258, 309, 329, 331, 332, 335, 418, 441, 443, 448, 457, 461, 463–476, 495, 497, 498–501, 503, 504, 506, 507, 509–510, 512, 515–516, 521, 522, 576, 577, 578, 580, 581, 585, 636, 638, 640–644, 650, 651, 659, 663, 667, 668, 669, 674, 677, 696, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 706, 713, 714–723, 725, 727
as a poet, 717–718
Bacchus, 466
Battle of Pisa, 470, 472, 706
Brutus, 93, 497, 716–717
David, 467–469, 476, 701, 710
“Doni” Madonna, 469–470
Last Judgment, 236, 465, 470, 581, 659, 672, 715–716, 721
Leda and the Swan, 642–643
Madonna (Bruges), 469
Madonna de’ Medici, 643
Moses, 498–499
Pietà, 466–467, 476, 580
Pietà (late), 717
Sistine Chapel ceiling, 473–476, 504, 506, 515, 706, 715
Sleeping Cupid, 256, 466–466
Statue of Julius II, 443, 445, 473, 715
tomb of Julius II, 470–472, 473, 498–499, 643
tombs of the Medici, 499, 636, 641–644, 722, 723
work on the Capitoline Hill, 718–719
Michelozzo di Bartolommeo (1396–1472), 89–90, 91, 94, 356, 728
Michiel, Giovanni (d. 1503), 415, 426
Migliorati, Cosimo de’ (c. 1336–1406), see Innocent VII, Pope
Migliorotti, Atalante (1482), 600
Mignaud, Pierre (1610–95), 332
Mila, Adriana de (b. c. 1455), 428–429
Mila, Luis Juan de (b. c. 1430), 382
Milan, 37–39, 173, 176–177, 178, 179–198, 613–614, 629, 711–712
Castello Sforzesco, 183, 187, 204
duomo, 194–195
Ospedale Maggiore, 183–184, 185, 195, 533
Santa Maria delle Grazie, 196, 204, 348
San Satiro, 196
mines, 390
Mini, Antonio (1550), 717
miniature painting, 343, 357; see also illumination of manuscripts
Mino da Fiesole (1431–84), 130–131, 386, 397
miracles, 541, 569
Mocenigo, Alvise I, Doge of Venice (1570–77), 674
Mocenigo, Tommaso, Doge of Venice (1414–23), 283, 287
Mohacs, battle of, 627
Mohammed II, Sultan of Turkey (1451–81), 115, 299, 371, 390
Molière (Jean Baptiste Poquelin: 1622–73), 594, 658
Molmenti, Pompeo (1852–1928), 303
Molza, Francesco Maria (1489–1544), 492
monasteries, 574
Moncada, Hugo de (c. 1466–1528), 627, 628
money, lust for, 588–589
monks, 33–34, 572–573, 574
Montagna, Bartolommeo (c. 1450–1523), 302, 314, 321–322
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de (1533–92), 599, 692
Monte, Giammaria Ciocchi del (1487–1555), see Julius III, Pope
Montelupo, Raffaello da (1505–67), 713
Monteverdi, Claudio (1567–1643), 713
monti di pietà, 589, 595
Montpensier, Gilbert, Count of (d. 1496), 612
morals, 568–605 passim, 605–607
Morandi, Antonio (d. 1568), 713
More, Sir Thomas, St. (1478–1535), 79
Moretto da Brescia (Alessandro Bonvicino: c. 1498–1554), 198, 578, 712
Morgante maggiore (Pulci), 125–128, 156
Morone, Andrea (1502), 281
Morone, Domenico (1442-c. 1509), 325
Morone, Francesco (1473–1529), 325
Morone, Girolamo (c. 1450–1529), 627
Moroni, Giambattista (c. 1525–78), 712
Müller, Johann, see Regiomontanus
Murad II, Sultan of Turkey (1421–51), 371
Murano, 313, 657
Murillo, Bartolomé Esteban (1617–82), 727
Musaeus (late 5th cent, B.C.), 316
music, 290, 483, 598–605, 649
music schools, 600
musical instruments, 483, 604
Mussato, Albertino (1314), 22
Musurus, Marcus (c. 1470–1517), 317, 486, 487
N
Naples, 9–10, 40, 173, 349–351, 574, 611–612, 686
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (1805–14; 1815), 195, 411, 545
Nardini, Michèle (1513), 502
Navagero, Andrea (1483–1529), 318, 492
Naviglio Grande, 181
navy, 284
Neapolitan Academy, 354, 355, 606
Nelli, Ottaviano (c. 1370-c. 1445), 241
Nepos, Cornelius (1st cent, B.C.), 78
nepotism, 382, 394–395, 396, 411–412, 416, 417, 418, 442, 519, 623, 691
neri, 3, 229
New Academy (Neacademia), 317, 318, 696
Niccoli, Niccolò de’ (1364–1437), 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 89, 351
Niccolò da Correggio (fl. 1510), 255, 327
Niccolò di Liberatore da Foligno (1430–1502), 241
Niccolò Pisano (c. 1201–78), 24, 25
Nicholas V (Tommaso Parentucelli), Pope (1447–55), 75, 83, 96, 103, 108, 193, 352, 373, 374, 375, 377–382, 386, 387, 405, 448, 450, 457, 484
Nicholas of Cusa (1401–64), 222, 352, 370, 388, 529
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900), 548, 565
Nifo, Agostino (1473?-1538), 539, 540
Ninfa Tiberina, La (Molza), 492
Ninfale Fiesolano (Boccaccio), 29