Nizzoli, Mario (1498–1576), 695
Notes on the New Testament (Valla), 351
Novara, battle of, 618–619
Novella d’Andrea (d. 1366), 4
novelle, 696–699
nuns, 572–573, 632
O
Oblates of St. Ambrose, see Ambrosians
Obrecht, Jakob (c. 1430-c. 1505), 638
Observantines, 64
occultism, 525–528, 538, 707
Ochis, Andreolo de (15th cent.), 79
Oddi family, Perugia, 241–242
Oderic of Pordenone (1286–1331), 62, 530
Odes (Pindar), 508–509
Oeconomicus (Xenophon), 587
Olgiati, Girolamo (d. 1476), 184
Oliverotto, tyrant of Fermo (d. 1502), 423, 424
On the… Donation of Constantine (Valla), 352
On the Infinity of Love (Tullia d’Aragona), 578
On the Lamentation of the Church (Alvaro Pelayo), 54
On the Memorable Words and Deeds of King Alfonso (Beccadelli), 353
On Pleasure and the True Good (Valla), 351
On Several Hidden and Wonderful Causes of Disease and Cure (Benivieni), 532
On the Virgin Birth (Sannazaro), 355
Orange, Philibert de Chalon, Prince of (1502–30), 632, 636
Oratory of the Divine Love, 574
Orcagna (Andrea di Cione: fl. 1344–68), 27, 36
Orfeo (Politian), 597
organ, 604
Organon (Aristotle), 538
Orlandino (Folengo), 278, 572
Orlando furioso (Ariosto), 273–276, 277, 278, 577, 656
Orlando inamorato (Boiardo), 271–272, 274
Orléans, Charles, Duke of (1391–1465), 184, 610
Orléans, Louis, Duke of (d. 1407), 610
Louis, Duke of Orleans (1462–98), see Louis XII, King of France
Orley, Bernaert van (1492?-1542), 506
Orsini, Alfonsina (1472–1519), 141, 143
Orsini, Battista (d. 1503), 406, 424
Orsini, Clarice (1453–87), 111, 250, 579
Orsini, Francesco, Duke of Gravina (d. 1502), 423, 424
Orsini, Giulio (1503), 424–425
Orsini, Iacopo (d. 1379), 361
Orsini, Laura (b. 1492), 413
Orsini, Napoleone (1263–1342), 54
Orsini, Orsino, 413
Orsini, Paolo (d. 1503), 420–421, 423, 424
Orsini, Virginio (d. 1497), 409, 410, 411
Orsini family, 374, 396, 416, 423, 424–425, 434, 437, 442
Orvieto, 634
duomo, 27, 35, 376
Signorelli’s frescoes in the duomo, 234–235, 236
Otho I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–73), 261
Otho III, Holy Roman Emperor (983–1002), 339
Ottoman Turks, 283, 284
Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso: 43 B.C.-A.D. 17), 10
P
Pacioli, Luca (c. 1450-c. 1520), 196, 222, 225
Padua, 21–23, 280–281
Arena Chapel, 22;
Eremitani, 22
Reggia, 22
Salone, 21–22
II Santo, 21
Padua, siege of, 617
Pageant of Popes, The (John Bale), 483
pageants, 117–118
Pagnini, Sante (c. 1470-c. 1538), 486
Paine, Thomas (1737–1809), 558
Painter, William (c. 1540–94), 699*
Palace of Pleasure (Painter), 699*
Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da (1526–94), 320, 601, 603, 713
Palla, Battista della (1530), 642, 643
Palladio, Andrea (1518–80), 322, 497, 649, 650, 652–653, 679, 713, 714
Palma Giovane (Iacopo Palma: 1544–1628), 650
Palma Vecchio (Iacopo de Antonio de Negreto: 1480–1528), 311
Palmezzano, Marco (c. 1456-c. 1543), 338
Pandects (Justinian the Great), 123
Pandolfini, Agnolo (1360–1446), 587–588
Pannartz, Arnold (1465), 315
Pantaléon, Jacques (c. 1200–64), see Urban IV, Pope
Papal States, 49*, 58, 180, 375, 422, 425, 434, 436–437, 442, 521, 617, 619, 621, 634, 686, 713
Parentucelli, Tommaso (c, 1397–1455), see Nicholas V, Pope
parish priests, 571
Parma, 328, 329, 712–713
duomo, 329
Parmigianino (Francesco Mazzuoli: 1504–40), 332–333
Pascal, Blaise (1623–62), 224
Pasquino (statue in Rome), 374, 414, 519, 622, 654
Passerini, Silvio (fl. 1514–27), 703
Pastor, Ludwig von (1854–1928), 402, 412*, 413*, 426, 434, 435, 573, 645
Pastor fido (Guarini), 712
Paul II (Pietro Barbo), Pope (1464–71), 130, 262, 391–393, 396, 397, 495
Paul III (Alessandro Farnese), Pope (1534–49), 243, 321, 408, 413, 489, 528, 536, 640, 652, 662–663, 690–691, 708, 712, 713, 714–715, 716, 718, 719, 722–723
Paul IV (Giovanni Pietro Caraffa), Pope (1555–59), 574, 689, 719
Pavia, 178–179, 180, 219, 626; Certosa, see Certosa di Pavia
Pavia, battle of, 554, 585, 626
Pavia, Council of, 368
Pazzi, Iacopo de’ (d. 1478), 113, 114
Pazzi conspiracy, 97, 113–114, 200, 395, 526
Pecci, Gioacchino (1810–1903), see Leo XIII, Pope
Pelayo, Alvaro (1330), 54
Pelligrini, 593, 696
Pellegrino da Modena (1483–1523), 333
Penni, Giovanni Francesco (II Fattore: 1488–1528), 504, 505, 511, 512, 638
Pepi, Francesco (1501), 428
Pepin the Short, King of the Franks (751–68), 374
perfumes, 583
Perotti, Niccolò (1430–80), 80, 378
Perugia, 241–243, 452, 453
Perugino’s frescoes in the Cambio, 246–247
Perugino (Pietro Vannucci: 1446–1523), 131, 133, 173, 207, 208, 235, 240, 243–248, 397, 450, 452, 453, 454, 457, 458, 468, 501
Peruzzi, Baldassare (1481–1535), 239, 333, 449, 457, 508, 586, 639–640
Pescara, Marquis of, see Avalos, Ferrante d’
Petracco dell’ Ancisa (d. 1326), 3, 4, 5, 23
Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca: 1304–74), 315, 16, 19–20, 21, 22–23, 24, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39–40, 41–42, 43, 44, 45–47, 48, 55–58, 78, 81, 118,. 128, 176, 178, 291, 315, 319, 320, 354, 384, 439, 489, 530–531, 543, 564, 566, 572, 584, 602, 603, 636
Petrucci, Alfonso (d. 1517), 518
Petrucci, Cesare (1478), 113
Petrucci, Ottaviano de’ (1466–1539), 600
Petrucci, Pandolfo, despot of Siena (14971512), 234, 236–237, 423
Philiberte of Savoy, Duchess of Nemours (1498–1524), 141
Philip IV, King of France (1285–1314), 49, 50, 686
Philip VI, King of France (1328–50), 51, 54
Philip II, King of Spain (1556–98), 657, 663, 664, 680
Philip IV, King of Spain (1621–65), 512
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy (1419–67), 389, 390, 606
Philodoxus (Alberti), 108
philosophy, 14, 22–23, 80, 537–544
physicians, 530–531
Piagnoni (pro-Savonarola faction), 151, 152, 160, 161
Piccinino, Francesco (d. 1463), 114
Piccolomini, Aeneas Sylvius (1405–64), see Pius II, Pope
Piccolomini, Francesco Todeschini (1459–1503), see Pius III, Pope
Pico della Mirandola, Antonio (d. 1501), 416
Pico della Mirandola, Caterina (1495), 315
Pico della Mirandola, Gianfrancesco (1470–1533), 142
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463–94), 115, 120, 121–123, 125, 142, 145, 315, 464, 526, 528, 581
Pienza, 386
Piero della Francesca (c. 1416–92), 106, 108, 230–233, 244, 340, 343, 398, 452, 702
portraits of Federigo da Montefeltro and Battista Sforza, 232
True Cross series, Arezzo, 231–232
Piero di
Cosimo (1462–1521), 165, 166, 397, 468, 596–597
Pietro di Murrone (1215–96), see Celestine V, St., Pope
piety, 569
Piissimi, Vittoria (1576), 649
Pilatus, Leon (ft. 1360–66), 43
pilgrimages, 569
Pintor, Alexander VI’s physician (1493), 535
Pinturicchio (Bernardino Betti: 1454–1513), 235, 237, 238, 244–245, 397, 407, 428, 450, 453, 639
Pio, Alberto (1475–1531, 315, 317
Pio da Carpi, Emilia (d. 1528), 345, 584
Pio, Lionello (d. 1535), 315
piracy, 637
Pisa, 3–4, 229–230, 549
Campo Santo, 4, 36–37, 230
Pisa, Council of, 363–364
Pisa-Milan, Council of, 445–446, 480, 481
Pisanello (Antonio Pisano: c. 1397–1455), 182, 281, 297, 324, 367
Pisani, Vittore (d. 1380), 41
Pisano: see Andrea Pisano, Giovanni Pisano, Niccolò Pisano
Pistoia, 97, 229
Pitti, Luca (c. 1395-c. 1470), 90, 109, 701
Pius II (Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini), Pope (1458–64), 105, 244, 284, 340, 353, 374, 383–391, 404, 405, 436, 437, 453, 495, 569, 570–571, 574, 575, 691
Pius III (Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini), Pope (1503), 238, 437, 453
Pius IV (Giovanni Angelo de’ Medici), Pope (1559–65), 711 712, 719–720
Pius V, St. (Michele Ghislieri), Pope (1566–72), 699
Pizzolo, Niccolò (1421–53), 252
plague, 633–634
Platina (Bartolommeo de’ Sacchi: c. 1421–81), 385, 386, 387, 391, 392, 393, 398, 570
Plato (c. 427–347 B.C.), 79, 80, 84, 85, 109, 120–121, 122, 222, 378, 387, 487, 537, 538
Platonic Academy (1445), 80, 120, 696
Plautus, Titus Maccius (c. 255–184 B.C.), 269–270, 291, 598
Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus: 23–79 A.D.), 406, 531
Pliny the Younger (Caius Plinius Caecilius Secundus: 61–113 A.D.), 78
Plotinus (c. 205–270), 80, 538
plumbatores, 401
Plutarch (c. 46-c. 120), 705
Poggio a Caiano, 129
poisoning, 415, 427, 590
Pole, Reginald (1500–58), 493
Politian (Angelo Poliziano: 1454–94), 80, 115, 118, 119, 120, 123–125, 138, 142, 250, 315, 319, 351, 355, 399, 464, 480, 521, 526, 543, 576, 581, 597
political theory, 555–564 passim
Pollaiuolo, Antonio (1429–98), 91, 130, 131, 164, 400, 403
Pollaiuolo, Simone (Il Cronaca: 1454-c. 1508), 129, 130, 149
Polo, Marco (c. 1254–1324), 313, 530
Polybius (c. 205-c. 125 B.C.), 378, 551
Pomponazzi, Pietro (1462–1525), 278, 318, 334, 536, 537, 539–543, 545, 570, 727
Pontano, Giovanni (1426–1503), 353, 354, 355, 696
Ponte, Giovanni da (1512–97), 650
Pontelli, Baccio (c. 1450–1492), 342, 397
Pontine swamps, 397
Pontormo (Iacopo Carrucci: 1494–1556), 76, 702–705
Ponzetti, Ferdinando (c. 1437–1527), 519
popes, temporal power of the, 374–376, 420
population statistics, 576
Porcaro, Stefano (d. 1453), 381, 382
Pordenone (Giovanni Antonio de’ Sacchi: 1483–1539), 198, 321, 650
Porta, Giacomo della (1539–1602), 713, 719, 720
Porta, Guglielmo della (c. 1516–77), 722–723
Porzio, Simone (1497–1454), 543
postal service, 286
Poussin, Nicolas (1594–1665), 683
Practica medicinae (Savonarola), 532
Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 369, 388, 620
Prato, 90, 105, 130
preciosity, 594
Predis, Ambrogio de (c. 1450–1520), 197
Previtali, Andrea (c. 1480–1528), 198
Priapus (Bembo), 319
Prignano, Bartolommeo (1318–89), see Urban VI, Pope
Primaticcio, Francesco (1504–70), 258, 259, 728
Prince, The (Machiavelli), 180, 339, 354, 550–552, 561–564, 564–566
printing and publishing, 315–318
Pro Archia (Cicero), 15
procession of the Holy Ghost, 370
prostitution, 576–578
Protestant Reformation, 521, 645, 684, 688
publishing, 696
Pucci, Lorenzo (d. 1531), 512, 520
Pulci, Luigi (1432–84), 11, 115, 125–128, 464, 543, 597
punishments, legal, 286, 376, 592, 690
Pythagoras (6th cent, B.C.), 539
Q
quacks, 532
quarantine, 533
Quercia, Iacopo della (c. 1371–1438), 91, 229, 237, 335, 465, 475, 722
Quintilian (Marcus Fabius Quintilianus: c. 40-c. 100), 78, 351
R
Rabelais, François (1494–1553), 279, 603
Ragionamenti (Aretino), 657–658
Raimondi, Marcantonio (1487–1539), 328, 337, 338, 461, 632, 654
Rambouillet, 594
rape, 575, 632
Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio: 1483–1520), 135, 163, 165, 214, 235, 239, 244–245, 247–248, 259, 278, 312, 319, 320, 322, 328, 331, 332, 336–337, 338, 345, 380, 441, 448, 449, 450, 451–463, 472, 483, 484, 490, 496–497, 498, 501, 502–507, 508, 509–516, 521, 522, 577, 578, 581, 593, 632, 638, 639, 667, 677, 706, 717, 722, 727
Bindo Altoviti, 462–463
La Belle Jardinière, 455
Baldassare Castiglione, 512–513
“Colonna” Madonna, 456
La Disputa, 458–459, 461, 503
La donna velata, 513
Entombment of Christ, 457
Expulsion of Heliodorus, 461
Farnesina frescoes, 510–511
La Fornarina, 512, 513
Julius II, 463, 516, 618, 662, 663, 726
Leo X, 482
Madonna del Cardellino, 455
Madonna della Casa Alba, 462
Madonna del Granduca, 455
Madonna délie Pesce, 462
Madonna della Sedia, 511–512
Mass of Bolsena, 454, 461–462
“Niccolini-Cowper” Madonna, 456–457
Palazzo Pandolfini, Florence, 507
Parnassus, 278, 460, 577
“Pearl” Madonna, 511, 516
St. Cecilia, 337, 512, 513
St. George, 454, 456
Santa Maria della Pace frescoes, 509
School of Athens, 215, 459–460, 461, 475
self-portrait, 452, 456, 460, 461
Sistine frescoes, 454, 511, 513
Lo Spasimo di Sicilia, 512
Sposalizio, 453
tapestry cartoons, 506
Transfiguration, 513–514
Vatican loggie, 505–506, 507
Vatican stanze, 457–462, 463, 475, 504–505
Ravenna, 339
Ravenna, battle of, 446, 618
Reggio Emilia, 333
Regiomontanus (Johann Müller: 1436–76), 398, 529
relics, 526, 569
religion, 291, 556–558
Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn (1606–69), 677, 726
Renaissance, 46–47, 48, 67–69
Renaissance man, 580–581
Renan, Ernest (1823–92), 558
Renée, Duke of Anjou (1434–80), 349, 353, 610
Renée of France, Duchess of Ferrara (1510–75), 279
Reni, Guido (1575–1642), 332
Republic (Plato), 605
Reuchlin, Johann (1455–1522), 123, 398, 728
Rhodes, 624
Rhymed Chronicle of Urbino (Santi), 452
Riario, Girolamo (d. 1488), 113, 338, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399
Riario, Ottaviano (late 15th cent.), 337–339, 419
Riario, Pietro (1446–74), 394–395, 396, 397
Riario, Raffaelle (d. 1521), 401, 418, 462, 466, 595
Ribera, José (1588–1652), 727
Riccio (Andrea Briosco: c. 1470–1532), 281
r /> Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal de (1585–1642), 564
Ridolfo, Carlo (c, 1598–1650), 668, 669
Rienzo, Cola di (1313–54), 16–21, 46, 52, 381, 445
Rime (Michelangelo), 717–718
Rimini, 108, 339–341, 725
Tempio Malatestiano (San Francesco, later Santa Colomba), 340, 725
Rizzo, Antonio (c. 1430–08), 293–294, 295
Robbia, Andrea della (1435–1525), 164–165, 533
Robbia, Giovanni della (1469–1529), 164–165, 229, 533
Robbia, Luca della (1397–1482), 24, 97, 164, 233, 586
Robert of Geneva (c. 1342–94), see Clement VII, Antipope
Robert the Wise, King of Naples (1309–43), 9–10, 14, 24, 51, 356
Roberti, Ercole de’ (c, 1450–96), 267
Roberto da Lecce (d. 1483), 607
Rodin, Auguste (1840–1917), 469
Rodrigo d’Aragona, Duke of Sermoneta (1499–1512), 430
Roger, Pierre (1291–1352), see Clement VI, Pope
Roger de Beaufort, Pierre (1331–78), see Gregory XI, Pope
Roman Academy, 393, 696
Roman ethic, 558–559
Romanino (Girolamo Romani: 1485–1559), 198
Romano, Gian Cristoforo (c. 1465–1512), 179, 187, 106, 345
Rome, 7, 12, 16–21, 58–59, 68, 108, 173, 347–348, 361–522
passim, 576, 577, 595, 622, 624, 625, 628–634, 637–640, 690, 713–714, 715–716, 718–719, 720
aqueducts, 373, 379
Aracoeli, 397
Campo Vaccino, 495
Castel Sant’ Angelo, 379, 407, 633, 714
Colosseum, 376, 595
Corso, 690
Farnesina (Villa Chigi-Farnese), 239, 508, 509, 586, 638, 639
Gesù, 714
palaces, 448–449, 485
Palazzo della Cancelleria, 401, 631
Palazzo Colonna, 631
Palazzo Farnese, 449, 713, 718
Palazzo Massimi delle Colonne, 586, 640
Palazzo Venezia, 376, 392
Pasquino, 374, 414, 622, 654
Piazza del Campidoglio (Capitoline Hill), 718–719
Sapienza, 486, 632, 637
San Giovanni in Laterano, 380
San Lorenzo fuori, 380
San Paolo fuori, 380
Santa Maria Maggiore, 373, 380, 407, 449, 495
Santa Maria del Popolo, 164, 397, 448, 470–471, 507
Santa Maria sopra Minerva, 135
Santi Apostoli, 398
seven hills, 373
Tempietto (San Pietro in Montorio), 450
Villa Madama, 507
Villa di Papa Giulio, 714; see also Vatican (for the Vatican Palace)
Rome, sack of, 347–348, 628–633
Rome, spoliation of ancient, 376, 495
Romeo and Juliet, story of, 698–699
Romeus and Juliet (Broke), 699*
Rondinelli, Giuliano (1498), 159
Rosamunda (Rucellai), 598
Roscoe, William (1753–1831), 405*, 435, 483